Table 2.
Overview of the study measures, assessments, and outcomes.
| References | Measures | Pre-asses | Post-asses | Follow-up | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kelley et al. (2021) | Mental wellbeing, psychological resilience | ✓ | ✓ | – | Resilience and wellbeing |
| Tripa et al. (2020) | Resilience, loneliness, and social dissatisfaction | ✓ | – | Self-regulation of abilities, difficulties, and social dissatisfaction | |
| Zhang et al. (2021) | Resilience, depression, and anxiety | ✓ | ✓ | – | Addressed emotional disorders (anxiety and depression), sleep quality, and psychological resilience |
| ✓ | ✓ | ||||
| Maalouf et al. (2020) | Resilience, depression, and anxiety symptoms | ✓ | ✓ | – | General emotion and depressive symptoms addressed |
| Felver et al. (2020) | Behavioural problems and social-emotional competence | ✓ | ✓ | – | Social-emotional competence |
| Sugiyama et al. (2020) | Depression and resilience | ✓ | ✓ | – | Depression and resilience |
| Suranata et al. (2020) | Resilience | ✓ | ✓ | 5 weeks | Resilience |
| Kuperminc et al. (2020) | External and internal resilience | ✓ | ✓ | – | External resilience resources |
| Volanen et al. (2020) | Resilience, socioemotional functioning, and depressive symptoms | ✓ | ✓ | 26 weeks | Resilience, depressive symptoms, and socioemotional functioning |
| Felver et al. (2019) | Psychosocial resiliency and psychosocial problem behaviour | ✓ | ✓ | – | Resilience |
| McAllister et al. (2018) | Resilience, coping, and self-efficacy | ✓ | ✓ | 8 weeks | Self-efficacy and coping strategies |
| Mirza and Arif (2018) | Resilience | ✓ | ✓ | – | Academic resilience |
| Osofsky et al. (2018) | Resilience (self-efficacy) and trauma symptoms | ✓ | ✓ | – | Self-efficacy and trauma |
| Furness et al. (2017) | Self-efficacy, resilience, connectedness, and wellbeing | ✓ | ✓ | – | Self-efficacy and resilience |
| Ijadi-Maghsoodi et al. (2017) | Resilience, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and school support | ✓ | ✓ | – | Resilience |
| Sarkar et al. (2017) | Resilience, internal health locus of control, self-determination, and pathological behaviour | ✓ | ✓ | 12 weeks | Resilience, internal health locus of control and self-determination, and pathological behaviours |
| Scarf et al. (2017) | Resilience, social support, and a sense of belonging | ✓ | ✓ | – | Resilience |
| Stapleton et al. (2017) | Resilience, self-esteem, fear of failure, and strengths and difficulties | ✓ | ✓ | 12–48 weeks | Fear of failure and emotional and behavioural difficulties |
| Chisholm et al. (2016) | The stigma of mental illness, knowledge of mental illness, emotional wellbeing, resilience, and help-seeking | ✓ | – | 2 weeks | Stigma of mental illness and wellbeing |
| Gudiño et al. (2016) | Resilience: social stress, interpersonal relationships, locus of control, symptoms of psychopathology (PTSD, depression, and anxiety symptoms | ✓ | ✓ | 3 months | Social engagement and locus of control and depressive symptoms |
| Ruttledge et al. (2016) | Resilience (coping), self-concept, school connectedness, anxiety symptoms, wellbeing, and social validity | ✓ | ✓ | 2 months | Wellbeing, general coping skills, and a sense of connectedness with school |
| Leventhal et al. (2015) | Emotional resilience, self-efficacy, social-emotional assets, psychological and social wellbeing, depression, and anxiety symptoms | ✓ | ✓ | – | Emotional resilience, self-efficacy, social-emotional assets, psychological, and social wellbeing |
| Castro-Olivo (2014) | Social-emotional outcomes and resilience | ✓ | ✓ | – | Resilience |
| Chen et al. (2014) | Psychological resilience, symptoms of PTSD, and depression | ✓ | ✓ | 3 months | PTSD, depression symptoms, and psychological resilience |
| Fu et al. (2013) | Resilience and PTSD | ✓ | ✓ | – | PTSD |
| Slone et al. (2013) | Resilience (mobilisation of support and self-efficacy), and psychological symptoms | ✓ | ✓ | – | Self-efficacy and psychological symptoms |
| Hyun et al. (2010) | Resilience, self-concept, and depression symptoms | ✓ | ✓ | – | Resilience |
A systematic review of the effectiveness of resilience-based interventions for adolescents in schools.