Table 1.
Heterogeneity of intratumoral microorganisms across different cancers.
| Cancer type | Microorganisms | Relative abundance | Biological function | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breast cancer | Actinomyces massiliensis, Lactobacillus iners, Enterobacter asburiae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Malasseziomycetes, Saccharomycetes, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, Malassezia restricta | Enriched | Undetermined | (8, 9) |
| Breast cancer | Malassezia globosa | Enriched | Correlate with shorter overall survival | (9) |
| Bone cancer | Actinomyces massiliensis, Enterobacter asburiae, Sphingomonas yanoikuyae, Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Saccharomycetes | Enriched | Undetermined | (8, 9) |
| Colon cancer | Fusobacterium nucleatum, Saccharomycetes | Enriched | Undetermined | (8, 9) |
| Glioblastoma multiforme | Agaricomycetes, Dothideomycetes, Malasseziomycetes | Enriched | Undetermined | (9) |
| Lung cancer | Lactobacillus iners, Dothideomycetes, Malasseziomycetes | Enriched | Undetermined | (8, 9) |
| Melanoma | Dothideomycetes, Malasseziomycetes, Saccharomycetes | Enriched | Undetermined | (9) |
| Melanoma | Cladosporium | Enriched | Reduce treatment response | (9) |
| Ovarian cancer | Dothideomycetes, Eurotiomycetes, Malasseziomycetes | Enriched | Undetermined | (9) |
| Ovarian cancer | Phaeosphaeria | Enriched | Correlate with shorter progression free survival | (9) |
| Pancreatic cancer | Enterobacter asburiae, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Malasseziomycetes, Saccharomycetes | Enriched | Undetermined | (8, 9) |
| Bladder cancer, cervical cancer, head and neck cancers | Human papillomavirus | Enriched | Contribute to carcinogenesis | (10–12) |
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Human papillomavirus, Epstein-Barr virus, polyomavirus | Enriched | Contribute to carcinogenesis | (13) |
| Liver cancer, cholangiocarcinoma | Hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus | Enriched | Contribute to carcinogenesis | (14) |
| Non-small cell lung cancer | Alloprevotella, Brevundimonas, Escherichia-Shigella, Faecalibacterium, Pseudomonas, unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter Jungii, Enterococcus, Haemophilus haemolyticus, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Actinomyces Neesii, Haemophilus, Haemophilus influenzae, human herpes virus type 7, Neisseria lactose, Prevotella II, Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus crista, Streptococcus gordonii | Enriched | Undetermined | (15, 16) |
| Liver cancer | Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Agrobacterium, Rhizobiaceae | Enriched | Undetermined | (17) |
| Liver cancer | Pseudomonas | Decreased | Correlate with better prognosis | (17) |
| Colon adenocarcinoma | Pasteurellales | Enriched | Correlate with tumor stage | (18) |
| Colon adenocarcinoma | Alistipes, Blautia | Decreased | Correlate with better prognosis | (18) |
| Rectum adenocarcinoma | Porphyromonas | Enriched | Correlate with tumor stage | (18) |
| Colorectal carcinoma | Bifidobacterium | Enriched | Correlate with the extent of signet ring cells | (19) |
| Pancreatic adenocarcinoma | Citrobacter freundii, uncultured Pseudomonadales bacterium HF0500_12O04, Acidovorax ebreus TPSY, Shigella sonnei Ss046, the primary endosymbiont of Sitophilus zeamais, Toxypothrix sp. PCC 7601, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, uncultured bacterium HF0500_10F10 | Enriched | Correlate with upregulation of oncogenic pathways, downregulation of tumor suppressive pathways, and immunosuppression | (20) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Actinomyces, Amycolatopsis, Brevundimonas, Deinococcus, Gordonia, Microlunatus, Nitriliruptor, Phyllobacterium, Pseudoclavibacter, Weissella | Enriched | Undetermined | (21) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Burkholderiales, Comamonadaceae | Decreased | Undetermined | (21) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Chloroplast, Klebsiella, Streptophyta | Decreased | Differentiate RCC tissues from normal tissues | (21) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Rhodoplanes | Decreased | Correlate with tumor stage | (21) |
| Cervical cancer | Fusobacterium, Peptoniphilus, Prevotella | Enriched | Undetermined | (22) |
| Cervical cancer | Prevotella bivia | Enriched | Promote cancer progression and correlate with poor prognosis | (22) |
| Cervical cancer | Lactobacillus | Decreased | Undetermined | (22) |