Table 1.
Baseline characteristics.
| Characteristic | Overall n (%) |
Intervention group n (%) |
Control group n (%) |
p-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total, n | 620 (100·0) | 300 (100·0) | 320 (100·0) | |
| Demographics | ||||
| Age, median (IQR) | 32 (26–37) | 31 (26–35) | 33 (26–38) | <0·005 |
| Centre | <0·001 | |||
| Shenyang | 266 (42·9) | 94 (31·3) | 172 (53·8) | |
| Beijing | 222 (35·8) | 93 (31·0) | 129 (40·3) | |
| Shenzhen | 69 (11·1) | 57 (19·0) | 12 (3·8) | |
| Chongqing | 63 (10·2) | 56 (18·7) | 7 (2·2) | |
| Educational degree | <0·001 | |||
| High school and below | 110 (17·7) | 33 (11·0) | 77 (24·1) | |
| College and above | 510 (82·3) | 267 (89·0) | 243 (75·9) | |
| Monthly income, US$ | 0·058 | |||
| ≤888 | 365 (58·9) | 165 (55·0) | 200 (62·5) | |
| >888 | 255 (41·1) | 135 (45·0) | 120 (37·5) | |
| Marital status | 0·073 | |||
| Single | 336 (54·2) | 161 (53·7) | 175 (53·4) | |
| In a relationship with a man | 223 (36·0) | 117 (39·0) | 106 (35·3) | |
| Otherd | 61 (9·8) | 22 (7·3) | 39 (11·3) | |
| Main approach for seeking male partners in the past three months | 0·992 | |||
| Gay dating applicatione | 340 (54·8) | 167 (55·7) | 173 (54·1) | |
| Regular sexual partner(s) | 223 (36·0) | 106 (35·3) | 117 (36·6) | |
| Otherf | 57 (9·2) | 27 (9·0) | 30 (9·4) | |
| HIV testing type in the past three months | ||||
| HIVST | 355 (57·3) | 204 (68·0) | 151 (47·2) | <0·001 |
| SBHT | 189 (30·5) | 80 (26·7) | 109 (34·1) | 0·046 |
| Any type of HIV testing | 482 (77·7) | 249 (83·0) | 233 (72·8) | 0·002 |
| Testing with partner(s) | 287 (46·3) | 169 (56·3) | 118 (36·9) | <0·001 |
| Frequency of HIV tests in the past three months (mean, SD)b | ||||
| HIVST | 1·4 (1·9) | 1·7 (1·9) | 1·1 (1·9) | <0·001 |
| SBHT | 0·5 (1·1) | 0·5 (1·1) | 0·6 (1·1) | 0·074 |
| Any type of HIV testing | 1·9 (2·2) | 2·2 (2·2) | 1·6 (2·3) | <0·001 |
| Sexual behaviours in the past three months | ||||
| Frequency of sexual behavioursc | 0·179 | |||
| Almost every day | 8 (1·3) | 3 (1·0) | 5 (1·6) | |
| Every week | 235 (37·9) | 119 (39·7) | 116 (36·3) | |
| Monthly or less | 325 (52·4) | 160 (53·3) | 165 (51·6) | |
| No sexual behaviour | 52 (8·4) | 18 (6·0) | 34 (10·6) | |
| Sexual role with manf | 0·134 | |||
| Top | 220 (38·6) | 105 (37·2) | 115 (40·2) | |
| Bottom | 172 (30·3) | 82 (29·1) | 90 (31·5) | |
| Versatile | 149 (26·2) | 85 (30·1) | 64 (22·4) | |
| Oral only | 27 (4·8) | 10 (3·5) | 17 (5·9) | |
| Has regular partner(s)g | 381 (67·1) | 194 (68·8) | 187 (65·4) | 0·387 |
| Has casual partner(s)g | 261 (46·0) | 136 (48·2) | 125 (43·7) | 0·280 |
| Has CAI with regular partner(s)h | 217 (57·0) | 105 (54·1) | 112 (59·9) | 0·256 |
| Has CAI with casual partner(s)h | 121 (46·4) | 65 (47·8) | 56 (44·8) | 0·628 |
| Has group sex | 95 (17·6) | 49 (18·0) | 46 (17·1) | 0·780 |
| Has CAI in group sexh | 34 (35·8) | 16 (32·7) | 18 (39·1) | 0·510 |
| Has CAI with partner(s) in unknown HIV status | 78 (12·6) | 37 (12·4) | 41 (12·8) | 0·857 |
IQR, interquartile range; HIVST, HIV self-testing; SBHT, site-based HIV testing, including facility-based site testing (such as the testing conducted at centre for disease control and prevention, hospitals, and clinics) as well as community-based testing conducted at gay voluntary agencies, community health centres, and through mobile outreach programs; CAI, condomless anal intercourse.
Analyze using chi-square test.
Analysed using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests.
Analysed using Fisher's exact test. The study focused exclusively on sexual behaviours with male partners.
Other refers to individuals who were either married or cohabiting with a woman, separated, divorced, or widowed.
Same-sex dating application refers to Blued, JACK, flip click, Jicco, cabinet, star gay friend, etc.
Other refers to different methods used to meet partners, such as common dating apps, introductions by friends, or meeting partners at parks, clubs, or baths.
The denominator excluded 52 subjects who reported no sexual behaviour.
The denominators correspond to the number of individuals who reported having regular sexual partner(s), casual sexual partner(s), and group sex, respectively.