Activation energies (ΔG‡, kcal mol−1) using M062X/6-31+G(d) for electrocyclic ring-closure of variously functionalised 1,X-disubstituted octatetraenes (X = 2–8).
| |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| R2 | |||||||||
| CH3 | NH2 | OH | F | CHO | CN | NO2 | |||
|
R1 | CH3 | 14.6 | 13.1 | 14.5 | 15.5 | 14.4 | 13.1 | 14.2 |
| NH2 | 13.6 | 9.7 | 10.8 | 12.3 | 20.9 | 15.7 | 14.7 | ||
| OH | 14.4 | 10.4 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 19.0 | 14.2 | 14.0 | ||
| F | 14.2 | 12.7 | 15.5 | 17.0 | 14.3 | 15.6 | 15.4 | ||
| CHO | 13.1 | 13.0 | 21.0 | 19.2 | 13.2 | 14.5 | 11.2 | ||
| CN | 14.0 | 15.4 | 19.4 | 17.6 | 13.4 | 14.7 | 13.8 | ||
| NO2 | 12.2 | 12.4 | 19.2 | 18.9 | 12.4 | 13.2 | 13.7 | ||
|
R1 | CH3 | 14.7 | 17.5 | 16.9 | 15.6 | 14.0 | 15.3 | 13.5 |
| NH2 | 16.6 | 21.2 | 21.9 | 20.2 | 14.9 | 19.3 | 16.0 | ||
| OH | 16.7 | 19.9 | 16.6 | 15.2 | 14.8 | 15.8 | 13.4 | ||
| F | 17.7 | 18.4 | 16.8 | 15.7 | 14.0 | 15.5 | 13.4 | ||
| CHO | 12.4 | 15.3 | 15.9 | 14.4 | 12.8 | 13.5 | 11.7 | ||
| CN | 18.0 | 18.2 | 16.8 | 14.7 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 11.8 | ||
| NO2 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 10.6 | 8.5 | 10.7 | 10.5 | 9.6 | ||
|
R1 | CH3 | 16.4 | 17.8 | 18.5 | 16.0 | 13.9 | 16.1 | 14.2 |
| NH2 | 16.8 | 18.8 | 18.3 | 16.4 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 15.6 | ||
| OH | 17.4 | 19.3 | 18.7 | 16.4 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 14.5 | ||
| F | 17.8 | 19.4 | 18.3 | 15.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 14.8 | ||
| CHO | 14.6 | 17.3 | 16.2 | 14.2 | 11.8 | 14.0 | 12.0 | ||
| CN | 17.1 | 20.0 | 18.8 | 16.0 | 13.9 | 16.4 | 13.8 | ||
| NO2 | 13.6 | 17.3 | 16.4 | 13.1 | 9.8 | 12.8 | 13.5 | ||
|
R1 | CH3 | 15.7 | 18.2 | 16.2 | 14.6 | 13.9 | 15.8 | 13.2 |
| NH2 | 15.7 | 18.3 | 17.7 | 15.8 | 14.6 | 16.3 | 14.3 | ||
| OH | 17.2 | 18.7 | 18.1 | 16.1 | 14.9 | 16.4 | 14.2 | ||
| F | 16.8 | 18.8 | 17.7 | 16.1 | 15.0 | 17.3 | 15.3 | ||
| CHO | 14.5 | 16.7 | 16.3 | 14.5 | 12.2 | 14.2 | 12.3 | ||
| CN | 17.0 | 18.2 | 17.8 | 18.0 | 15.2 | 17.7 | 14.9 | ||
| NO2 | 12.8 | 14.8 | 15.6 | 13.9 | 11.8 | 14.0 | 11.8 | ||
|
R1 | CH3 | 18.5 | 19.2 | 18.6 | 17.5 | 14.0 | 16.2 | 13.3 |
| NH2 | 18.9 | 19.9 | 19.3 | 17.7 | 14.4 | 17.1 | 14.2 | ||
| OH | 19.1 | 20.6 | 19.9 | 18.1 | 14.1 | 17.7 | 13.9 | ||
| F | 19.5 | 19.8 | 18.9 | 17.4 | 14.2 | 18.1 | 12.9 | ||
| CHO | 16.8 | 16.8 | 17.0 | 15.3 | 12.8 | 15.8 | 9.9 | ||
| CN | 19.5 | 19.2 | 18.4 | 17.1 | 15.6 | 19.6 | 15.2 | ||
| NO2 | 14.3 | 15.3 | 15.0 | 14.7 | 11.9 | 15.4 | 11.7 | ||
|
R1 | CH3 | 13.0 | 14.8 | 15.7 | 16.2 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 8.6 |
| NH2 | 14.5 | 14.1 | 16.0 | 15.9 | 11.9 | 13.1 | 8.0 | ||
| OH | 14.7 | 15.2 | 17.4 | 16.5 | 12.0 | 14.3 | 10.7 | ||
| F | 15.1 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 16.1 | 12.5 | 15.5 | 11.3 | ||
| CHO | 12.6 | 14.0 | 16.0 | 14.9 | 9.4 | 13.2 | 8.9 | ||
| CN | 15.1 | 15.3 | 18.8 | 16.9 | 12.0 | 16.7 | 12.4 | ||
| NO2 | 10.3 | 11.0 | 15.7 | 15.3 | 8.6 | 13.9 | 9.6 | ||
|
R1 | CH3 | 17.0 | 16.5 | 16.4 | 15.9 | 14.6 | 15.5 | 12.0 |
| NH2 | 16.5 | 17.0 | 15.6 | 12.1 | 13.2 | 7.4 | |||
| OH | 15.6 | 17.2 | 16.0 | 16.2 | 11.3 | ||||
| F | 19.0 | 17.4 | 18.9 | 16.0 | |||||
| CHO | 14.3 | 18.3 | 13.4 | ||||||
| CN | 21.4 | 17.9 | |||||||
| NO2 | 14.8 | ||||||||