Table 2.
Comparison of baseline characteristics according to median value of miR-133a-3p
| Variable | miR-133a-3p ≤ median (n = 292) | miR-133a-3p > median (n = 292) | p-value* | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean ± SD/n (%) | Median (Q1–Q3) | N | Mean ± SD/n (%) | Median (Q1–Q3) | ||
| Study intervention group | 292 | 292 | 0.93 | ||||
| Control | 142 (48.6%) | 144 (49.3%) | |||||
| ASV | 150 (51.4%) | 148 (50.7%) | |||||
| Age (years) | 292 | 70.4 ± 9.3 | 72 (65–78) | 292 | 68.5 ± 10.2 | 70 (62–76) | 0.019 |
| Male | 292 | 265 (90.8%) | 292 | 259 (88.7%) | 0.50 | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 288 | 28.3 ± 4.8 | 27.8 (24.7–30.6) | 291 | 29.2 ± 5.2 | 28.4 (25.7–31.7) | 0.027 |
| NYHA class III/IV | 289 | 220 (76.1%) | 291 | 199 (68.4%) | 0.041 | ||
| LVEF (%) | 208 | 33.8 ± 7.5 | 35 (29–40) | 234 | 33.4 ± 7.7 | 35 (29–40) | 0.43 |
| Diabetes | 289 | 115 (39.8%) | 291 | 127 (43.6%) | 0.36 | ||
| Ischemic HF | 280 | 174 (62.1%) | 289 | 150 (51.9%) | 0.014 | ||
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 286 | 124.8 ± 20.5 | 120 (110–140) | 288 | 123.9 ± 19.3 | 120 (110–140) | 0.84 |
| Left bundle-branch-block | 283 | 81 (28.6%) | 287 | 68 (23.7%) | 0.18 | ||
| Atrial fibrillation | 284 | 96 (33.8%) | 287 | 79 (27.5%) | 0.12 | ||
| Cardiac device | 292 | 161 (55.1%) | 292 | 151 (51.7%) | 0.46 | ||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 285 | 13.9 ± 1.6 | 14.0 (12.8–15.0) | 289 | 14.0 ± 1.5 | 14.2 (13.1–15.0) | 0.24 |
| eGFR CKD-EPI formula (mL/min/1.73m2) | 283 | 55.6 ± 21.5 | 55.2 (37.8–72.0) | 284 | 58.8 ± 20.5 | 56.9 (44.3–73.9) | 0.12 |
| 6-min walk distance (meters) | 276 | 331.3 ± 118.8 | 345 (258–420) | 279 | 327.3 ± 131.0 | 332 (245–438) | 0.84 |
| ACEI or ARB | 292 | 273 (93.5%) | 292 | 265 (90.8%) | 0.28 | ||
| Beta-blocker | 292 | 267 (91.4%) | 292 | 267 (91.4%) | 1.00 | ||
| Aldosterone antagonist | 292 | 130 (44.5%) | 292 | 161 (55.1%) | 0.013 | ||
| Diuretic | 292 | 255 (87.3%) | 292 | 251 (86.0%) | 0.72 | ||
| Cardiac glycoside | 292 | 78 (26.7%) | 292 | 72 (24.7%) | 0.64 | ||
| Antiarrhythmic drug | 292 | 55 (18.8%) | 292 | 45 (15.4%) | 0.32 | ||
| Epworth Sleep Scale score | 292 | 6.6 ± 4.3 | 6 (4–9) | 291 | 7.2 ± 4.4 | 6 (4–10) | 0.16 |
| AHI (n events/hr) | 291 | 30.2 ± 12.3 | 27 (20–38) | 292 | 30.4 ± 13.2 | 27 (20–38) | 0.96 |
| Central apnea index/total AHI (%) | 291 | 46.2 ± 30.1 | 47 (19–73) | 292 | 48.6 ± 28.6 | 51 (24–73) | 0.32 |
| Central AHI/total AHI (%) | 291 | 80.8 ± 15.4 | 85 (69–94) | 292 | 80.6 ± 14.6 | 82 (70–93) | 0.65 |
| Oxygen Desaturation index | 292 | 34.0 ± 17.6 | 33 (21–44) | 290 | 32.4 ± 17.3 | 30 (20–43) | 0.21 |
| Average oxygen saturation (%) | 292 | 92.6 ± 2.4 | 93 (91–94) | 292 | 92.9 ± 2.3 | 93 (92–94) | 0.051 |
| Minimum oxygen saturation (%) | 291 | 80.6 ± 6.5 | 82 (77–85) | 292 | 81.1 ± 6.8 | 83 (78–86) | 0.14 |
| Time with oxygen saturation < 90% (min) | 289 | 50.8 ± 64.8 | 28 (7–68) | 292 | 46.0 ± 62.6 | 20 (4–63) | 0.15 |
| Cheyne-stokes respiration | 252 | 251 | 0.13 | ||||
| < 20% | 44 (17.5%) | 62 (24.7%) | |||||
| 20–50% | 98 (38.9%) | 92 (36.7%) | |||||
| > 50% | 110 (43.7%) | 97 (38.6%) | |||||
| NT-proBNP (pg/mL) | 289 | 3131 ± 5172 | 1644 (785–3235) | 291 | 2315 ± 4151 | 1119 (499–2683) | 0.0004 |
| Primary outcome | 292 | 173 (59.2%) | 292 | 137 (46.9%) | 0.004 | ||
| Time to primary outcome (years) | 292 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 2.0 (0.5–3.5) | 292 | 2.4 ± 1.8 | 2.2 (0.8–3.7) | 0.16 |
| Time to follow-up (years) | 292 | 3.0 ± 1.9 | 3.0 (1.7–4.5) | 292 | 3.1 ± 1.7 | 3.0 (2.0–4.3) | 0.38 |
Bold values indicate the statistically significant results
N number of available values, SD standard deviation, Q1 first quartile, Q3 third quartile, ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, AHI apnea hypopnea index, ARB angiotensin II receptor blockers, ASV adaptive-servo ventilation, CV cardiovascular; HF heart failure, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, NYHA class, New York Heart Association
*p-value from Wilcoxon test for continuous variables, Fisher's exact test for categorical variables