Table 1.
Characteristics of the study population stratified by self-rated health status
| Self-rated health status compared to people of the same age (n = 17,945) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Better (n = 9279) | Equal (n = 6792) | Worse (n = 1904) | p value | |
| Sex | ||||
| Female, n (%) | 5270(56.8) | 3339(53.8) | 1127(59.2) | < 0.001 |
| Age, median (IQR) | 68(63–74) | 68(63–74) | 68(64–75) | < 0.001 |
| Socioeconomic state | ||||
| Living in rural area | 1965(21.2) | 1967(29.1) | 670(35.4) | < 0.001 |
| Low economic income | 2053(22.1) | 1520(22.5) | 438(23.0) | 0.66 |
| Functional, cognitive and affective status | ||||
| Functional impairmenta, n (%) | 202(2.2) | 209(3.1) | 230(12.1) | < 0.001 |
| Cognitive impairmentb, n (%) | 996(10.7) | 895(13.2) | 350(18.4) | < 0.001 |
| Depressive symptomsc, n (%) | 445(4.8) | 382(5.6) | 181(9.5) | < 0.001 |
| Frail, n (%) | 231(2.5) | 218(3.2) | 300(15.8) | < 0.001 |
| Total edentulism, n (%) | 2535(27.3) | 1971(29.1) | 628(33) | < 0.001 |
| Type of dental prosthesis | ||||
| Removable dental prosthesis, n (%) | 6200(66.8) | 4326(64.0) | 1222(64.2) | < 0.001 |
| Fixed dental prosthesis, n (%) | 466(5.0) | 284(4.2) | 46(2.4) | < 0.001 |
| Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index | ||||
| GOHAI, mean (SD) | 52.4(7.79) | 51.6(8.22) | 48.6(9.73) | < 0.001 |
| Chronic diseases | ||||
| Cardiovascular diseased, n (%) | 5060(54.5) | 3690(54.6) | 1221(64.4) | < 0.001 |
| COPD, n (%) | 814(8.8) | 543(8.0) | 294(15.4) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 1423(15.3) | 1055(15.6) | 465(24.5) | < 0.001 |
| Osteoarticular diseasese, n (%) | 2647(28.3) | 2074(30.4) | 884(45.8) | < 0.001 |
| Cancer, n (%) | 419(4.5) | 237(3.5) | 103(5.4) | < 0.001 |
| General symptoms | ||||
| Dyspnea, n (%) | 1911(12.8) | 1059(15.7) | 643(33.8) | < 0.001 |
| Dizziness, n (%) | 1878(20.2) | 1667(24.7) | 888(46.6) | < 0.001 |
| Back pain, n (%) | 3884(41.3) | 3098(45.8) | 1277(67.1) | < 0.001 |
| Weakness, n (%) | 2164(23.3) | 1956(28.9) | 1161(61.0) | < 0.001 |
| Exhaustion, n (%) | 3308(35.7) | 2719(41.3) | 1328(69.7) | < 0.001 |
| Nausea and vomiting, n (%) | 577(6.2) | 455(6.7) | 351(18.4) | < 0.001 |
| Joint pain, n (%) | 4634(49.9) | 3583(53.0) | 1382(72.6) | < 0.001 |
| Insomnia, n (%) | 2756(29.7) | 2199(32.5) | 1081(56.8) | < 0.001 |
IQR Interquartile range, MMSE Mini Mental State Examination, GOHAI Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
aDefined as Barthel index ≥ 90
bDefined as Mini-Mental State Examination less than 24
cDefined as Geriatric Depression Scale ≥ 10
dCardiovascular disease was defined as having a diagnosis of coronary disease, hypertension or stroke
eOsteoarticular disease was defined as having a diagnosis of arthrosis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis or rheumatism