Table 1.

List of covariates included in the studies. Some articles are listed more than once

Covariates		Number of studies	Percentage (%)
Climatic factors
	Temperature	97	55.1
	Mean temperature	78	44.3
	Min temperature	21	11.9
	Max temperature	16	9.1
	Rainfall	78	44.3
	Total rainfall	42	23.9
	Mean rainfall	23	13.1
	Max rainfall	6	3.4
	Humidity	25	14.2
	Temperature suitability	22	12.5
	Bioclimatic variables	6	3.4
	El Niño Southern Oscillation Index	4	2.3
	Soil moisture (water stress/wetness)	4	2.3
Demographic factors
	Population density	43	24.4
	Age	25	14.2
	Air travel	15	8.5
	Human daily mobility	13	7.4
	Vaccination coverage	7	4.0
	Sex	7	4.0
Socio-economic factors
	Gross domestic product	15	8.5
	Household income	11	6.3
	Education/literacy rate	6	3.4
	Occupation and employment status	5	2.8
	Socio-economic strata	6	3.4
Ecology
	Non-human primates species	6	3.4
	Location of breeding sites	4	2.3
	Breteau index	3	1.7
	Adult mosquito abundance	2	1.1
Environmental factors
	Vegetation	27	15.3
	Elevation/altitude	25	14.2
	Urbanisation	22	12.5
	Distance to roads, road density	14	8.0
	Land use/land cover	13	7.4
	Distance to water bodies/river	9	5.1
Spatiotemporal incidence
	Case count across time periods and neighbouring regions	18	10.2