Table 1.
Demographic characteristics
| Standard group | Renal protection protocol group | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
|
Sex Male: female |
19:6 | 24:3 | 0.224 |
| Age (years) | 73 ± 8.6 | 71 ± 9.9 | 0.438 |
| Weight (kg) | 64.7 ± 9.8 (51, 93) | 68.6 ± 10.2 (52, 97) | 0.178 |
| Body mass index (kg/m 2 ) | 25.3 ± 4.1 (19.2, 35.4) | 25.3 ± 3.1 (18.7, 34) | 0.942 |
| Underlying disease | 0.076 | ||
|
CHB CHC Alcoholic LC Cryptogenic LC NASH-LC |
80 (20) 8 (2) 8 (2) 0 (0) 4 (1) |
51.9 (14) 11.1 (3) 18.5 (5) 18.5 (5) 0 (0) |
0.076 |
| Comorbidities | |||
|
Diabetes mellitus Hypertension Coronary disease Stroke Non-HCC malignancy |
40 (10) 32 (8) 8 (2) 4 (1) 36 (9) |
44.4 (12) 22.2 (6) 3.7 (1) 3.7 (1) 11.1 (3) |
0.918 0.432 0.511 0.956 0.035 |
| Medications | |||
|
ACE inhibitor or ARB Beta-blocker Diuretic Immunosuppressant NSAID |
48 (12) 32 (8) 24 (6) 4 (1) 20 (5) |
40.7 (11) 22.2 (6) 18.5 (5) 7.4 (2) 14.8 (4) |
0.602 0.432 0.632 0.602 0.625 |
| Child-Pugh class | |||
|
CLD or class A Class B or C |
76 (19) 24 (6) |
81.5 (22) 18.5 (5) |
0.881 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m 2 ) | 50.14 ± 6.6 (34.6, 59.4) | 49.12 ± 7.14 (30.2, 59.2) | 0.593 |
| Serum creatinine | 1.34 ± 0.24 (0.94, 1.98) | 1.37 ± 0.33 (0.70, 2.40) | 0.790 |
| CM amount (mL) † | 96.8 ± 13.7 (77, 130) | 64.6 ± 9.5 (49, 91) | < 0.001 |
| Iodine load (mg/kg) † |
524.0 ± 7.37 (489.3*, 528.4) |
301.5 ± 1.71 (298, 306.6) | < 0.001 |
| DLP (mGy∙cm) |
893.9 ± 197.1 (690.4, 1455.1) |
929.7 ± 217.2 (704.7, 1782.7) |
0.538 |
Note: Values are given as number (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation (range). ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker, CHB = chronic hepatitis B, CHC = chronic hepatitis C, CLD = chronic liver disease, CM = contrast medium, DLP = dose-length product, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate, HCC = hepatocellular carcinoma, LC = liver cirrhosis, NASH = non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, NSAID = non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
P-value < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference between the two groups
*In one participant, the estimated CM amount (140 mL) exceeded 1 vial of CM (130 mL), and only one vial was administered per study protocol
†We administered CM with different iodine concentrations: 350 mgI/mL for the standard group and 320 mgI/mL for the RPP group