Table 3.
Opioid requirements and other variables in the PACU
| Parameter | Control group (N = 53) | Education group (N = 51) | Difference in medians (95% CI) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index opioid administrationa | 21 (39.6%) | 26 (51.0%) | 0.793 (0.537, 1.171) | 0.245 |
| Additional analgesic request after index opioid administrationb | 3 (5.7%) | 0 (0%) | N/A | 0.129 |
| Postoperative pain, NRSmax (0–10) | 2 [2–4] | 4 [2–5] | 0 (-1, 0) | 0.362 |
|
NRS severityc (none / mild / moderate to severe) |
8 / 25 / 20 (15.9% /47.2% /37.7%) |
8 / 17/ 26 (15.7% / 33.3% / 51.0%) |
N/A | 0.322 |
| Nasal dressing change event | 9 (17.0%) | 8 (15.7%) | N/A | 0.858 |
| PONV | 5 (9.4%) | 1 (2.0%) | N/A | 0.206 |
| RASS ≥ 1 | 2 (3.8%) | 4 (7.8%) | N/A | 0.374 |
Values are the median [IQR] or number (%)
Maximum degree of postoperative pain was recorded during PACU stay using a numeric rating scale (NRSmax), 0 to 10
CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range, PONV postoperative nausea and vomiting, RASS Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale
a Index opioid refers to fentanyl
b Additional analgesic includes opioid, acetaminophen, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
c Pain severity was defined using NRS: mild: 1 to 3, moderate: 4 to 6. Severe: 7 to 10