Table 1.
Comparison of demographic, clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic characteristics of the participants at baseline
| Characteristic | All study participants (n = 207) | Metformin only (n = 78, 37.7%) | Metformin and sulfonylurea (n = 129, 62.3%) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 49 (40–57) | 50 (43–57) | 49 (39–57) |
| Gender | |||
| 1. Male | 101 (48.8) | 37 (47.4) | 55 (42.6) |
| 2. Female | 106 (51.2) | 41 (52.6) | 74 (57.4) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.5 (24.3–31.6) | 27.2 (24.2–31.9) | 27.7 (24.1–31.3) |
| WC (cm) | 96.5 (89.0–104.0) | 96.8 (88–106.4) | 96.5 (89.0–104.0) |
| WHR | 0.93 (0.89–0.96) | 0.92 (0.89–0.97) | 0.94 (0.90–0.96) |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 127 (117–137) | 128 (121–140) | 125 (115–134) |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 84 (77–91) | 87 (81–93) | 82 (75–89) |
| HbA1c (%) | 10.7 (8.3–12.3) | 10.2 (8.3–12.3) | 10.9 (8.4–12.5) |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 93 (67–111) | 88 (67–111) | 95 (68–113) |
| FBG (mmol/l) | 8.6 (6.5–12.8) | 8.8 (6.9–13.4) | 8.2 (6.1–11.8) |
| Fasting insulin (µmol/l) | 5.6 (3.2–10.0) | 6.0 (3.6–10.0) | 5.2 (3.0–9.6) |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/ml) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 1.4 (0.8–1.9) | 1.3 (0.9–2.0) |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/l) | 4.0 (3.2–5.0) | 4.2 (3.2–5.3) | 3.9 (3.2–4.9) |
| LDLC (mmol/l) | 2.5 (1.9–3.5) | 2.6 (2.0–3.6) | 2.6 (1.9–3.5) |
| HDLC (mmol/l) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 (0.7–1.1) |
| TGL (mmol/l) | 1.5 (1.0–1.9) | 1.5 (1.1–2.0) | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) |
| Non-HDLC (mmol/l) | 3.0 (2.3–4.0) | 3.2 (2.2–4.3) | 3.0 (2.4–3.8) |
| TC/HDLC | 4.6 (3.6–5.5) | 4.4 (3.6–5.1) | 4.6 (3.7–5.6) |
| HOMA2-IR | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–2.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
| HOMA2-%B | 43.3 (21.6–69.2) | 40.1 (15.7–57.9) | 44.5 (24.6–70.5) |
BMI Body mass index, BP Blood pressure, FBG Fasting blood glucose, HbA1c Glycated haemoglobin, HDLC High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA2-IR Homeostatic model assessment insulin resistance, HOMA2-%B Homeostatic model assessment pancreatic beta-cell function, LDLC low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TC total cholesterol, TGL triglycerides, TC/HDLC total cholesterol: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, WC waist circumference, WHR waist: hip circumference ratio