Table 2.
Characteristics of Participants
| Variables | |
|---|---|
| Sociodemographic data | |
| Age, years (mean ± SD*) | 72.50 ± 5.69 |
| Gender, N (%) | |
| Male | 121 (28.1) |
| Female | 309 (71.9) |
| Education level, N (%) | |
| University and above | 5 (1.2) |
| Senior high school/technical secondary school | 19 (4.4) |
| Junior high school | 73 (17.0) |
| Primary school | 149 (34.7) |
| Illiteracy | 184 (42.8) |
| Marriage, N (%) | |
| Single # | 101 (23.5) |
| Non-single | 329 (76.5) |
| Occupation, N (%) | |
| Employed | 23 (5.3) |
| Unemployed | 407 (94.7) |
| Monthly income, RMB, N (%) | |
| < 3000 | 415 (96.7) |
| 3000 ~ 5000 | 8 (1.9) |
| 5000 ~ 8000 | 5 (1.2) |
| >=10,000 | 1 (0.2) |
| Health insurance, N (%) | |
| State medicine | 1 (0.2) |
| Urban employee basic medical insurance | 6 (1.4) |
| Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance | 370 (86.0) |
| Commercial insurance | 1 (0.2) |
| Other | 2 (0.5) |
| None♄ | 50 (11.6) |
| Clinical data | |
| Disease course￠, years, (mean ± SD) | 10.67 ± 7.26 |
| Body mass index ♆, kg/m2, N (%) | |
| < 18.5 | 4 (0.9) |
| 18.5 ~ 24.0 | 131 (30.5) |
| 24.0 ~ 28.0 | 215 (50.0) |
| >=28.0 | 80 (18.6) |
| Family history ¤, N (%) | |
| Yes | 133 (30.9) |
| No | 297 (69.1) |
| Treatment strategies, N (%) | |
| Diet and exercise | 3 (0.7) |
| Oral hypoglycemic agents | 218 (50.7) |
| Insulin monotherapy | 153 (35.6) |
| Insulin combined with oral hypoglycemic agents | 56 (13.0) |
Note: SD∗: standard deviation. Single#: including divorced or widowed. None♄: without any health insurance. Disease course￠: Interval between diagnosis of diabetes and completion of questionnaire. Body mass index ♆ (BMI): BMI (24.0 ~ 28.0) meaning overweight. Family history¤: Whether a blood relative had diabetes