Table 5.
Results of analysis of variance ANOVA of pre-test and post-test.
| Variable | Picture book group | Somatosensory game group | F | P | η2 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-test | post-test | Pre-test | Post-test | ||||
| N (male) | 13 (12) | 13 (12) | 13 (12) | 13 (12) | |||
| Age (in years) | 8.23 | 8.23 | 8.69 | 8.69 | |||
| Childhood Austism Rating Scale (CARS) (Expert) | |||||||
| 1. Relationships | 2.38 (0.65) | 1.92 (0.28) | 2.15 (0.55) | 1.96 (0.34) | 3.000 | 0.096 | 0.111 |
| 2. Imitation (words and actions) | 2.08 (0.49) | 2.00 (0.00) | 1.92 (0.49) | 1.92 (0.49) | 0.316 | 0.579 | 0.013 |
| 3. Emotional response | 2.00 (0.41) | 1.77 (0.44) | 2.00 (0.58) | 2.15 (0.55) | 5.769 | 0.024 | 0.194 |
| 4. Body skill ability | 2.31 (0.48) | 2.23 (0.44) | 2.08 (0.64) | 1.38 (0.51) | 16.000 | 0.001 | 0.400 |
| 5. Relationship with nonliving objects | 1.77 (0.44) | 1.85 (0.38) | 1.77 (0.60) | 1.77 (0.60) | 1.000 | 0.327 | 0.040 |
| 6. Adaptation to environmental change | 1.92 (0.49) | 2.00 (0.41) | 2.00 (0.58) | 1.85 (0.38) | 3.176 | 0.087 | 0.117 |
| 7. Visual response | 1.77 (0.44) | 1.77 (0.44) | 2.23 (0.60) | 2.08 (0.64) | 2.182 | 0.153 | 0.083 |
| 8. Auditory response | 2.08 (0.49) | 2.00 (0.58) | 2.00 (0.82) | 1.92 (0.49) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 9. Proximate sensory response | 1.38 (0.51) | 1.54 (0.66) | 2.23 (0.60) | 2.30 (0.63) | 0.353 | 0.558 | 0.014 |
| 10. Anxiety response | 2.00 (0.58) | 2.00 (0.41) | 2.15 (0.55) | 2.08 (0.49) | 0.316 | 0.579 | 0.013 |
| 11. Verbal communication | 0.62 (0.51) | 2.23 (0.60) | 2.77 (0.73) | 2.08 (0.49) | 1.500 | 0.233 | 0.059 |
| 12. Nonverbal communication | 2.31 (0.48) | 1.92 (0.28) | 2.31 (0.48) | 2.15 (0.55) | 1.742 | 0.199 | 0.068 |
| 13. Activity level | 2.46 (0.52) | 2.38 (0.51) | 2.31 (0.48) | 1.85 (0.69) | 5.556 | 0.027 | 0.188 |
| 14. Intellectual function | 2.54 (0.52) | 2.46 (0.52) | 2.08 (0.76) | 1.92 (0.64) | 0.353 | 0.558 | 0.014 |
| 15. General impression | 2.46 (0.52) | 2.30 (0.48) | 2.30 (0.63) | 2.15 (0.55) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| Childhood Austism Rating Scale (CARS) (Parents) | |||||||
| 1. Relationships | 2.62 (0.51) | 2.08 (0.28) | 2.31 (0.48) | 2.15 (0.38) | 4.688 | 0.041 | 0.163 |
| 2. Imitation (words and actions) | 1.92 (0.28) | 1.92 (0.28) | 1.77 (0.44) | 1.85 (0.38) | 1.000 | 0.327 | 0.040 |
| 3. Emotional response | 1.92 (0.28) | 1.46 (0.52) | 2.15 (0.55) | 2.08 (0.49) | 3.750 | 0.065 | 0.135 |
| 4. Body skill ability | 2.31 (0.48) | 2.23 (0.44) | 2.31 (0.48) | 1.62 (0.51) | 16.000 | 0.001 | 0.400 |
| 5. Relationship with nonliving objects | 1.69 (0.48) | 1.77 (0.44) | 1.69 (0.43) | 1.69 (0.48) | 0.316 | 0.579 | 0.013 |
| 6. Adaptation to environmental change | 2.00 (0.41) | 2.00 (0.41) | 2.08 (0.49) | 2.15 (0.38) | 1.000 | 0.327 | 0.040 |
| 7. Visual response | 1.77 (0.44) | 1.77 (0.44) | 2.15 (0.55) | 2.08 (0.49) | 1.000 | 0.327 | 0.040 |
| 8. Auditory response | 1.92 (0.64) | 2.00 (0.58) | 1.92 (0.49) | 1.92 (0.49) | 1.000 | 0.327 | 0.040 |
| 9. Proximate sensory response | 1.46 (0.52) | 1.54 (0.52) | 1.92 (0.64) | 2.00 (0.71) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 10. Anxiety response | 1.77 (0.44) | 1.85 (0.38) | 2.08 (0.28) | 2.08 (0.28) | 1.000 | 0.327 | 0.040 |
| 11. Verbal communication | 2.46 (0.66) | 1.92 (0.49) | 2.62 (0.51) | 2.54 (0.52) | 8.000 | 0.009 | 0.250 |
| 12. Nonverbal communication | 2.46 (0.52) | 2.31 (0.48) | 2.23 (0.44) | 2.08 (0.28) | 0.000 | 1.000 | 0.000 |
| 13. Activity level | 2.69 (0.48) | 2.62 (0.51) | 2.62 (0.51) | 2.15 (0.38) | 3.750 | 0.065 | 0.135 |
| 14. Intellectual function | 2.31 (0.48) | 2.31 (0.48) | 2.15 (0.55) | 2.23 (0.44) | 1.000 | 0.327 | 0.040 |
| 15. General impression | 2.23 (0.44) | 2.08 (0.28) | 2.38 (0.51) | 2.31 (0.48) | 0.353 | 0.558 | 0.014 |
| ABC behavior scale | |||||||
| Sensory ability (S) | 6.23 (0.73) | 6.70 (0.75) | 6.70 (0.85) | 6.85 (0.90) | 1.655 | 0.211 | 0.065 |
| Relationships ability (R) | 9.15 (0.90) | 8.77 (0.60) | 9.08 (1.26) | 7.85 (0.69) | 5.223 | 0.031 | 0.179 |
| Body skill ability (B) | 9.15 (0.90) | 9.00 (0.82) | 8.85 (1.21) | 7.85 (0.90) | 9.553 | 0.005 | 0.285 |
| Language ability (L) | 8.23 (0.93) | 8.08 (1.04) | 9.00 (1.00) | 8.23 (0.83) | 3.282 | 0.083 | 0.120 |
| Self-care ability (S) | 7.08 (1.44) | 7.15 (1.21) | 7.31 (1.03) | 6.77 (0.93) | 5.818 | 0.024 | 0.195 |