Table 4.
Reports of vector competence or molecular detection of infectious pathogens in Culex modestus
| Family | Pathogen | Detection method | Mosquito type | Country | Source | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Virus | Flaviviridae | West Nile virus | RNA detection | Field | Czech Republic | [9, 15, 16, 102] |
| RNA detection | Field | Italy | [103] | |||
| RNA detection | Field | Kazakhstan | [104] | |||
| RNA detection | Field | Romania | [72] | |||
| RNA detection | Field | Russia | [48, 87] | |||
| Vector competence | Lab | China | [44] | |||
| Vector competence | Lab | France | [42, 43] | |||
| Usutu virus | RNA detection | Field | Czech Republic | [16, 89] | ||
| Vector competence | Field | Belgium | [59] | |||
| Japanese encephalitis virus | RNA detection | Field | China | [33] | ||
| Alphaviridae | Sindbis virus | RNA detection | Field | Romania | [72] | |
| Kyzylagach virus | RNA detection | Field | Czech Republic | [73] | ||
| Peribunyaviridae | Tahyna virus | Immunological detection | Field | France | [39] | |
| Immunological & RNA detection | Field | China | [74] | |||
| Immunological detection | Field | Czech Republic | [17, 75] | |||
| Batai virus | RNA detection | Field | Germany | [76] | ||
| Lednice virus | RNA detection | Field | Czech Republic | [77] | ||
| Ebinur Lake virus (Abbey Lake virus) | RNA detection | Field | China | [78, 79] | ||
| Phenuiviridae | Zaliv Terpeniya virus | RNA detection | Field | Azerbaijan | [80] | |
| Reoviridae | Banna virus | RNA detection | Field | China | [74, 81] | |
| Eukaryota | Onchocercidae | Dirofilaria immitis | Vector competence | Field | Italy | [90] |
| Plasmodiidae | Plasmodium relictum | Vector competence | Lab | Bulgaria | [14] | |
| Plasmodium sp. | DNA detection | Field | Romania | [92] | ||
| DNA detection | Field | Spain | [34] | |||
| Haemoproteidae | Haemoproteus sp. | DNA detection | Field | Spain | [34] | |
| Trypanosomatidae | Trypanosoma corvi/culicavium | Microscopic examination | Field | Czech Republic | [63] |