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. 2023 Oct 20;21:397. doi: 10.1186/s12916-023-03105-0

Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of study participants

Variable AL + PQ AL + placebo DHAPP + PQ DHAPP + Placebo Total
Number of participants N = 286 N = 286 N = 283 N = 282 N = 1137
Age in yearsa 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) 5.0 (3.0, 7.0) 5.0 (3.0, 8.0) 5.0 (2.0, 8.0) 5.0 (3.0, 8.0)
Sexb
 Female 122 (42.7) 114 (39.9) 110 (38.9) 124 (44.0) 470 (41.3)
 Male 164 (57.3) 172 (60.1) 173 (61.1) 158 (56.0) 667 (58.7)
Length of illness before treatment (days)a 2.0 (1.0, 3.0) 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) 2.0 (2.0, 3.0) 2.0 (2.0, 3.0)
Fever (core temperature ≥ 38 °C)b 80 (28.0) 74 (25.9) 75 (26.5) 63 (22.4) 292 (25.7)
Mid-upper arm circumference (cm)ac 15.6 (14.5, 17.0) [11.0, 23.0] 15.6 (14.5, 17.0) [12.0, 28.0] 15.8 (14.5, 17.0) [12.0, 24.0] 15.5 (14.5, 16.8) [12.5, 21.0] 15.6 (14.5, 17.0) [11.0, 28.0]
Weight (Kg)ac 17.0 (12.8, 22.5) [5.9, 39.0] 17.0 (12.0, 22.0) [6.6, 41.5] 17.0 (12.9, 23.4) [6.6, 43.0] 16.5 (12.7, 22.0) [6.6, 35.7] 17.0 (12.7, 22.1) [5.9, 43.0]
Splenomegalyb 69 (24.1) 58 (20.3) 68 (24.0) 71 (25.2) 266 (23.4)
Hepatomegalyb 16 (5.6) 15 (5.2) 14 (4.9) 11 (3.9) 56 (4.9)
Microscopyb
 Positive slide result 249 (87.1) 251 (87.8) 239 (84.5) 246 (87.2) 985 (86.6)
 Negative slide result 37 (12.9) 35 (12.2) 44 (15.5) 35 (12.5) 151 (13.3)
Mixed infection with
P. malariae n 5 5 4 3 17
P. ovale n - - - 1 1
Asexual parasitaemia (/μL)d 13,873 [7.2, 1,397,958.0] 12,345 [14.0, 1,100,764.0] 14,148 [12.0, 668,769.8] 18,848 [7.4, 2,172,060.0] 14,599 [7.2, 2,172,060.0]
Gametocytaemia (/μL) d 52.6 [8.2, 1778.4] 36.9 [7.8, 2028.0] 49.9 [10.0, 2316.6] 44.0 [8.8, 2888.4] 45.5 [7.8, 2888.4]
Haemoglobin (g/dL)e 10.5 (1.7) 10.7 (1.5) 10.7 (1.6) 10.5 (1.6) 10.6 (1.6)f
Haematocrit (%) e 31.0 (4.5) 31.5 (4.2) 31.7 (4.7) 30.9 (4.5) 31.3 (4.5)
G6PD statusb
 Normal 176 (62.6) 186 (65.3) 174 (63.0) 181 (65.1) 717 (64.0)
 Heterozygous female 32 (11.4) 32 (11.2) 24 (8.7) 31 (11.2) 119 (10.6)
 Deficient males and females 73 (26.0) 67 (23.5) 78 (28.3) 66 (23.7) 284 (25.4)
Sickle cell statusb
 Normal (HbAA) 248 (87.9) 243 (85.3) 234 (84.2) 231 (83.4) 956 (85.2)
 Trait (HbAS) 33 (11.7) 42 (14.7) 42 (15.1) 46 (16.6) 163 (14.5)
 Disease (HbSS) 1 (0.4) 0 (0.0) 2 (0.7) 0 (0.0) 3 (0.3)
Thalassaemiab
 Normal (αα/αα) 132 (46.8) 139 (48.9) 124 (45.6) 136 (48.9) 531 (47.6)
 Heterozygous (-α/αα) 124 (44.0) 122 (43.0) 122 (44.9) 109 (39.2) 477 (42.7)
 Homozygous (-α/-α) 26 (9.2) 23 (8.1) 26 (9.6) 33 (11.9) 108 (9.7)
Primaquine/placebo dose 0.21 (0.17, 0.25) 0.21 (0.18, 0.25) 0.20 (0.17, 0.25) 0.22 (0.18, 0.25) 0.21 (0.17, 0.25)
(mg/kg)ac [0.11, 0.37] [0.12, 0.35] [0.07, 0.41] [0.07, 0.38] [0.07, 0.41]

aMedian (IQR)

bn (%)

cRange [minimum, maximum]

dGeometric mean [range]

eMean (SD)

f10.0 (1.5) g/dL (age < 5 years) vs. 11.1(1.5) g/dL (age 5–11 years), p < 0.001