Table 2.
Descriptive statistics for socio-environmental factors and their association with 3 levels (no/mild, moderate, severe) of food insecurity
| SOCIO-ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS | All (n = 326) |
No/mild (n = 77) | Moderate (n = 152) |
Severe (n = 97) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n (%) | ||||||
|
No. of earning members (Mean ± SD: 1.3 ± 0.457) |
1 earning member | 230 (70.6) | 44 (57.1) | 111 (73) | 75 (77.3) | 0.010 |
| > 1 earning member | 96 (29.4) | 33 (42.9) | 41 (27.0) | 22 (22.7) | ||
| No. of younger siblings | None | 138 (42.3) | 33 (47.0) | 63 (41.4) | 42 (43.3) | 0.957 |
| (Mean ± SD: 0.8 ± 1.0) | 1 sibling | 130 (39.9) | 29 (34.9) | 61 (40.1) | 40 (41.2) | |
| > 1 sibling | 58 (17.8) | 15 (18.1) | 28 (18.4) | 15 (15.5) | ||
| Father work status | Working | 295 (90.5) | 75 (97.4) | 138 (90.8) | 82 (84.5) | 0.016 |
| Not working | 31 (9.5) | 2 (2.6) | 14 (9.2) | 15 (15.5) | ||
| Household status | Not self-owned/rented | 177 (54.3) | 25 (32.5) | 88 (57.9) | 64 (66.0) | < 0.001 |
| Rented | 84 (25.8) | 22 (28.6) | 34 (22.4) | 28 (28.9) | ||
| Self-owned | 65 (19.9) | 30 (63.8) | 30 (19.7) | 5 (5.2) | ||
| No. of household assets | No assets | 230 (70.6) | 31 (40.3) | 113 (74.3) | 86 (88.7) | < 0.001 |
| (savings, jewelry, electronics | 1 asset category | 67 (20.6) | 21 (27.3) | 36 (23.7) | 10 (10.3) | |
| /home appliances, vehicles) | >=2 asset categories | 29 (8.8) | 25 (32.4) | 3 (2.0) | 1 (1.0) | |
| Food aid received in pandemic | Some food aid | 276 (84.7) | 56 (72.7) | 132 (86.8) | 88 (90.7) | 0.003 |
| No food aid | 50 (15.3) | 21 (27.3) | 20 (13.2) | 9 (9.3) | ||
| COVID 19 infection | No | 301 (92.3) | 75 (97.4) | 145 (95.4) | 81 (83.5) | < 0.001 |
| history in family | Yes | 25 (7.7) | 2 (2.6) | 7 (4.6) | 16 (16.5) | |
| Household head sex | Female | 22 (6.7) | 2 (2.6) | 8 (5.3) | 12 (12.4) | 0.023 |
| Male | 304 (93.3) | 75 (97.4) | 144 (94.7) | 85 (87.6) | ||
| Household head | No education | 242 (74.2) | 56 (72.7) | 117 (77.0) | 69 (71.1) | 0.031 |
| education | Some primary | 60 (18.4) | 10 (13.0) | 26 (17.1) | 24 (24.7) | |
| Some secondary | 24 (7.4) | 11 (14.3) | 9 (5.9) | 4 (4.1) | ||
| No. of household | < 5 | 103 (31.6) | 33 (42.9) | 39 (25.7) | 31 (32.0) | 0.03 |
| members (Mean ± SD: 5.26 ± 1.525) | >=5 | 223 (68.4) | 44 (57.1) | 113 (74.3) | 66 (68.0) | |
Abbreviations: SD – Standard deviation