Table 3.

Summary of Estimated Individual and Population Economic Benefit Using the Value of a Statistical Life Approach and Human Capital Approach.

Individual economic benefit of cleft lip and cleft palate repair (2020 USD with 3% discounting)
		Cleft lip	Cleft palate
Indonesia	VSL Income Elasticity 1.0	4809.3	6243.8
	VSL Income Elasticity 1.5	878.7	1140.8
	Human Capital Approach	3191.0	4110.2
Eastern and Central Africa
VSL Income Elasticity 1.0		58,948.9	173,165.9
VSL Income Elasticity 1.5		9775.0	29,889.4
Human Capital Approach*		4240.7	12,339.3
Ecuador
VSL Income Elasticity 1.0		187,396.2	515,842.9
VSL Income Elasticity 1.5		70,031.1	192,773.6
Human Capital Approach*		32,203.4	87,393.8
Nepal
	VSL Income Elasticity 1.0	106,262.8	284,465.3
	Human Capital Approach*	4891.3	13,092.7
South Asia
	Human Capital Approach	15,656.9	46,671.9
Sub-Saharan Africa	VSL Income Elasticity 0.55	112,704.0	296,882.2
	Human Capital Approach*	5269.4	13,874.4

*Age-weighting, as used in the Global Burden of Disease Study, is included.

Estimates of income elasticity of the value of a statistical life range can from 0.55 to 1.5 with evidence suggesting that larger income elasticity estimates are more appropriate when income is lower. ²⁵