Figure 3.
Phylogenetic analysis of highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus sequences collected from gulls and foxes, Northern Ireland, July 2023 (n = 4) compared with captive bird sequences, Northern Ireland, October 2022 (n = 3) and clade 2.3.4.4b sequences collected in Europe, 2021–2023 (n = 8)
Individual complete segments of HPAI (A)H5N1 virus PB2, PB1, PA, HA, NP, NA, MP and NS were aligned using MUSCLE in MEGA11 (http://www.megasoftware.net), and maximum likelihood analysis performed, with phylogeny tested using 1,000 bootstrap replications. Fox/gull sequences are highlighted in red, other avian sequences from Northern Ireland in green and representatives of all common recent European genotypes in black.