Table 1. Participant characteristics (N=72).
| Whole sample (N=72) |
Women (n=36) |
Men (n=36) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 50 | (43-55) | 50 | (44-54) | 51 | (41-56) |
| Education: | ||||||
| primary school | 20 | (28) | 15 | (42) | 5 | (14) |
| secondary or higher | 52 | (72) | 21 | (58) | 31 | (86) |
| Type of work: | ||||||
| hard physical work | 29 | (40) | 14 | (39) | 15 | (42) |
| moderate physical work | 25 | (35) | 14 | (39) | 11 | (31) |
| sedentary work or unemployed | 18 | (25) | 8 | (22) | 10 | (28) |
| Body height (cm), mean (SD) | 170 | (8.0) | 166 | (6.7) | 175 | (6.4) |
| Body weight (kg), mean (SD) | 80 | (12.4) | 75 | (12.6) | 84 | (10.7) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 27 | (3.8) | 28 | (4.5) | 27 | (3.1) |
| Categorized body mass index (kg/m2): | ||||||
| normal (<25) | 17 | (24) | 11 | (31) | 6 | (17) |
| overweight (25-29.9) | 37 | (51) | 13 | (36) | 24 | (67) |
| obese (≥30) | 18 | (25) | 12 | (33) | 6 | (17) |
| Family history of low back pain | 40 | (56) | 19 | (53) | 21 | (58) |
| Diagnosis: | ||||||
| lumbar syndrome | 46 | (64) | 25 | (69) | 21 | (58) |
| lumboischialgia | 26 | (36) | 11 | (31) | 15 | (42) |
| Locomotor comorbidities: | ||||||
| none | 30 | (42) | 11 | (31) | 19 | (53) |
| degenerative | 37 | (51) | 22 | (61) | 15 | (42) |
| inflammatory | 5 | (7) | 3 | (8) | 2 | (6) |
| Other chronic diseases | 35 | (49) | 20 | (56) | 15 | (42) |
| Pharmacotherapy: | ||||||
| NSAID | 49 | (68) | 23 | (64) | 26 | (72) |
| analgesic and weak opioids | 19 | (26) | 11 | (31) | 8 | (22) |
| analgesic only | 1 | (1) | 1 | (3) | 0 | (0) |
| weak opioids only | 2 | (3) | 1 | (3) | 1 | (3) |
| other | 1 | (1) | 0 | (0) | 1 | (3) |
| Pain (VAS), mean (SD) | 73 | (11.5) | 75 | (10.0) | 72 | (12.8) |
| Modified Schober test (mm), mean (SD) | 25 | (7.1) | 24 | (6.9) | 26 | (7.4) |
| Left lateral flexion (mm), mean (SD) | 590 | (48.1) | 580 | (41.4) | 600 | (52.6) |
| Right lateral flexion (mm), mean (SD) | 586 | (45.7) | 579 | (40.6) | 592 | (50.1) |
| Trunk flexion/fingertips-floor distance (mm), mean (SD) |
397 | (118.0) | 401 | (132.0) | 394 | (104.0) |
| Physical Disability Index, mean (SD) | 6.2 | (1.37) | 6.4 | (1.48) | 6.1 | (1.26) |
| RMDQ, mean (SD) | 18 | (4.5) | 18 | (4.7) | 18 | (4.3) |
Data are presented as number (percentage) of participants if not stated otherwise; IQR = interquartile range; SD = standard deviation; NSAID = nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; VAS = visual analog scale; RMDQ = Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire