Table 1.

The use of endolysins in different food products.

Antibacterial activity spectrum against the target host	Lysin	Main results	Applications in Food	Reference
S. aureus	Lysdb	Break the 6-O-acetylated peptidoglycans existing in S. aureus cell walls.	Cheese	Guo et al. (2016)
S. aureus	LysSA97	Synergistic bactericidal activity with carvacrol (oil) in skim milk and whole milk.	Milk	Chang et al. (2017b)
S. aureus	LysSA11	Within the 15 min at 4°C, 3-log CFU/mL bacteria cells lysis in meat that had been experimentally contaminated with MRSA. Decontaminant in steel knives and plastic chopping.	Ham meat	Chang et al. (2017a)
S. aureus	LysH5	8 logs CFU/ml, Bacterial cells reduction in milk. Broad host range against clinical staphylococcus, including S. epidermidis and S. aureus. Synergistic sterilizing activity against S. aureus in combination with nisin in dairy.	Milk	Obeso et al. (2008)
S. aureus	HydH5Lyso, HydH5SH3b, CHAPSH3b	HydH5 and CHAPSH3b revealed significant bactericidal action in skim and whole milk at 37°C and 25°C.	Whole and skim milk.	Rodríguez-Rubio et al. (2013)
S. aureus	PlyV12	High specificity of the detection of S. aureus in milk.	Spiked milk	Yu et al. (2016)
S. aureus and Bacillus cereus	LysB4EAD-LysSA11	Good cell lysis activity against S. aureus and B. cereus. Within only 2 h, therapy with 3.0 μM LysB4EAD-LysSA11 reduced S. aureus and B. cereus in rice to zero levels.	Boiled rice	Son et al. (2020)
L. monocytogenes	PlyP100	Sustainable in Queso Fresco for 28 days. High retention rate in cheese curd. High stability during cold storage. Dose-dependent listeriacidal.	Queso Fresco (cheese)	Ibarra-Sánchez et al. (2018)
L. monocytogenes	Ply511, Ply118	Wide spectrum activity against Listeria strains. High heat resistance.	Cow milk	Schmelcher et al. (2012c)
L. monocytogenes	PlyP825	Synergistic antibacterial activity with hydrostatic pressure.	Milk	Misiou et al. (2018)
L. monocytogenes	PlyP40 and PlyPSA	PlyP40 is effective against a wide variety of Listeria. PlyP40 and PlyPSA effectively reduce L. monocytogenes numbers in queso fresco. PlyP40 and PlyPSA can keep their lytic activity under refrigerated conditions.	Queso fresco	Holle and Miller (2021)
L. monocytogenes	LysZ5	4-log CFU/mL antibacterial reduction in soya milk at four °C within three hours.	Soya milk	Zhang et al. (2012)
Escherichia coli O157:H7	PlyEc2	Effective decontamination agent. In the Romaine lettuce decontamination model, eliminating 99.7% of E. coli O157:H7 cells. The taste and texture of the treated leaves are unaffected.	Romaine lettuce	Xu et al. (2021)
Salmonella Typhimurium	LysWL59 and LysWL60	LysWL59 and LysWL60 showed a wide range of catalytic action toward Gram-negative bacteria exposed to chloroform. Treated with 2.5 mM LysWL59 and 0.5 mM EDTA, S. typhimurium cells on lettuce were reduced by 93% in 1 h.	lettuce/ Salad (Vegetables)	Liu et al. (2019)
Clostridium perfringens	LysCPAS15	Bacterial cells were reduced in milk by up to 3 logs in two hours. Rapid and specific detection of C. perfringens in milk.	Milk	Cho et al. (2021)
Clostridium tyrobutyricum	Ctp1l	Moderate bactericidal activity of the host bacterium	Cow Milk	Mayer et al. (2010)