Table 1.
The information of samples tested.
| Group | Name | Origin | Human dose | Mice dose | Calculation procedure |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Positive drug | Buspirone Hydrochloride | Sigma Chemical Co | 20–40 mg | 2 mg/kg | |
| Base | Powder | Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd | 25 g/d | 3791.67 mg/d·kg | 25 g/d ÷ 60 kg × 1,000 mg/g = 416.67 mg/d·kg × 9.1 = 3791.67 mg/d·kg |
| Yogurt | 200 mL/d | 30.33 mL/d·kg | 200 mL/d ÷ 60 kg × 9.1 = 30.33 mL/d·kg | ||
| Milk | 200 mL/d | ||||
| Combinations | C | WP: The plant extract, a bioactive peptide extracted from the protein of walnut residues (Sinphar Group Co.) CP: Milk (Guangdong Huapeptides Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) | 170 + 300 mg | 25.87 + 45.50 mg/kg | WP: 170 mg/d ÷ 60 kg = 2.83 mg/d·kg (Human dose) × 9.1 = 25.75 mg/d·kg (Mice dose) CP: 300 mg/d ÷ 60 kg = 5 mg/d·kg (Human dose) × 9.1 = 45.50 mL/d·kg (Mice dose) |
| Products | C + powder | Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd | Powder 25 g/d, containing combinations 170 + 300 mg | 3791.67 mg/kg | 25 g/d ÷ 60 kg × 1,000 mg/g = 416.67 mg/d·kg (Human dose) × 9.1 = 3791.67 mg/d·kg |
| C + yogurt | Yogurt 200 mL/d, containing combinations170 + 300 mg | 30.33 mg/kg | 200 mL/d ÷ 60 kg × 9.1 = 30.33 mL/d·kg (The products were ready to administer, requiring no preparation.) | ||
| C + milk | Milk 200 mL/d, containing combinations 170 + 300 mg | 30.33 mg/kg |
The general packaging size for liquid dairy products is 200 mL; the powder is around 25 g dissolved in 180–200 mL water. The administration dosage for the mice was converted according to the surface area of a 60 kg human body. According to the conversion ratio between humans and mice (9.1) (19), the daily combination for mice can be calculated as the following formula: conversion ratio of surface area between mice and humans (9.1) × a daily dose of an adult (25 g/d powder)/average weight of adults (60 kg), that is 9.1 × 25 g/60 kg = 3.79 g/kg. The feeding volume was 20 mL/kg for each mouse. The combinations of WP + CP were tested in three dosages: 85 + 200 mg, 170 + 300 mg, and 170 + 600 mg. The open field test (OFT) and elevated-plus maze (EPM) showed that a combination with 170 + 300 mg had the best antianxiety-improving effects (Supplementary Figures 3A–C). Furthermore, there were discernible outcomes observed in the light–dark box (LDB), novel object recognition (NOR), and passive avoidance test (PAT) tests for both the C-medium and C-high groups (Supplementary Figures 3D–F). Therefore, the medium dosage (170 mg WP + 300 mg CP) was selected for the following studies.