Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics for the 6 Primary Endophenotypes and the 6 Penn CNB Measures in Probands and Their Affected and Unaffected First-Degree Relatives
| Affected |
Unaffected |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Probands |
Siblings |
Siblings |
Parents |
|||||
| No.a | Mean ± SD | No. | Mean ± SD | No. | Mean ± SD | No. | Mean ± SD | |
| Age, y | 183 | 34.2 ± 10.8 | 7 | 45.0 ± 12.9 | 265 | 36.9 ± 11.4 | 303 | 62.3 ± 10.6 |
| Education, y | 183 | 13.5 ± 2.1 | 7 | 12.4 ± 2.1 | 265 | 15.5 ± 2.5 | 268 | 15.1 ± 3.2 |
| WRAT standard score | 172 | 100.5 ± 12.5 | 7 | 91.0 ± 18.9 | 250 | 106.0 ± 10.3 | 155 | 104.9 ± 13.8 |
| Primary endophenotypes | ||||||||
| PPI | 122 | 44.6 ± 26.3 | 6 | 45.9 ± 20.2 | 183 | 43.4 ± 25.1 | 100 | 36.7 ± 26.9 |
| P50 suppression | 113 | 0.6 ± 0.5 | 4 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 169 | 0.5 ± 0.3 | 92 | 0.5 ± 0.4 |
| Antisaccade task | 158 | 0.6 ± 0.3 | 6 | 0.4 ± 0.4 | 230 | 0.8 ± 0.2 | 134 | 0.7 ± 0.2 |
| CPT | 167 | 2.3 ± 1.1 | 6 | 2.1 ± 1.1 | 254 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 154 | 2.2 ± 0.9 |
| CVLT | 180 | 42.4 ± 11.7 | 7 | 40.4 ± 19.6 | 259 | 55.8 ± 9.7 | 155 | 50.2 ± 10.4 |
| LNS | 181 | 9.2 ± 2.7 | 7 | 7.3 ± 3.3 | 258 | 11.1 ± 2.4 | 153 | 10.0 ± 2.6 |
| Penn CNB measures | ||||||||
| ABF | 159 | −0.4 ± 1.2 | 5 | −0.6 ± 1.2 | 229 | 0.2 ± 1.0 | 152 | −0.5 ± 1.0 |
| FMEM | 159 | −0.8 ± 1.2 | 6 | −1.0 ± 1.4 | 224 | 0.2 ± 0.9 | 147 | −0.4 ± 1.0 |
| SMEM | 155 | −0.6 ± 0.9 | 5 | −0.3 ± 0.9 | 223 | 0.1 ± 0.8 | 141 | −0.4 ± 0.8 |
| SPA | 141 | −0.6 ± 1.2 | 4 | −1.3 ± 0.5 | 207 | −0.2 ± 0.9 | 124 | −0.5 ± 1.0 |
| S-M | 154 | −0.7 ± 1.3 | 6 | −1.2 ± 1.6 | 220 | −0.1 ± 0.9 | 145 | −0.6 ± 1.0 |
| EMO | 155 | −1.2 ± 0.9 | 5 | −1.5 ± 1.2 | 222 | −0.4 ± 0.6 | 139 | −0.9 ± 0.8 |
Abbreviations: ABF, Abstraction and Mental Flexibility; CPT, Continuous Performance Test; CVLT, California Verbal Learning Test; EMO, Emotion Recognition; FMEM, Face Memory; LNS, Letter-Number Sequencing test; Penn CNB, University of Pennsylvania Computerized Neurocognitive Battery; PPI, prepulse inhibition of the startle response; S-M, Sensorimotor Dexterity; SMEM, Spatial Memory; SPA, Spatial Processing; WRAT, Wide Range Achievement Test.
Although 183 probands were ascertained, the sample size of each endophenotype varied owing to differences in endophenotype-specific exclusion criteria (eg, hearing threshold for PPI and visual acuity for the CPT), interpretable data (ie, P50 and PPI waveforms), and availability of data for each measure.