SUPPLEMENTARY TABLE 1.
Anthropometric parameters, body structure components, hematological and biochemical blood values. Data are reported as arithmetic mean, standard deviation and point of change (absolute changes).
| PD (n = 9) | CD (n = 6) | |||||||||||
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| 1x ± SD | 1–2 | 1–3 | 1–4 | 1–5 | F | 1x ± SD | 1–2 | 1–3 | 1–4 | 1–5 | F | |
| Anthropometric parameters | ||||||||||||
| BM [kg] | 93.52 ± 9.74 | -2.46 | -3.47* | -4.47** | -4.65** | ** | 92.47 ± 13.10 | -0.67 | -1.05 | -1.69 | -2.45** | ** |
| BMI [kg/m2] | 26.73 ± 1.79 | -0.71 | -1.00* | -1.30** | -1.33** | ** | 27.16 ± 2.28 | -0.22 | -0.34 | -0.52 | -0.75** | ** |
| FM [%] | 23.25 ± 5.82 | -1.73 | -2.64** | -2.97** | -3.92** | ** | 21.68 ± 5.45 | -1.73 | -2.60 | -3.31** | -3.53* | ** |
| FM [kg] | 20.70 ± 7.04 | -1.71 | -2.77 | -3.25** | -4.09** | ** | 19.83 ± 8.04 | -1.58 | -2.42 | -3.05** | -3.36** | ** |
| FFM [%] | 77.28 ± 5.82 | +1.61 | +2.63* | +2.76** | +3.69** | ** | 79.24 ± 5.26 | +1.70 | +2.56 | +3.20** | +3.40* | ** |
| FFM [kg] | 72.06 ± 7.47 | -0.41 | -0.45 | -0.94 | -0.25 | NS | 72.63 ± 5.78 | +0.94 | +1.41 | +1.37 | +0.93 | NS |
| MM [%] | 41.10 ± 3.13 | -0.88 | -0.39* | -0.18* | +0.63 | * | 42.35 ± 1.70 | -0.88 | -0.75 | +0.16 | -0.16 | NS |
| MM [kg] | 38.37 ± 4.38 | -1.81 | -1.73* | -1.90* | -1.33 | * | 38.96 ± 4.03 | -1.13 | -0.89 | -1.21 | +3.39 | * |
| BMC [g] | 3877.29 ± 496.30 | -14.56 | -9.89 | -4.48 | -13.69 | * | 3997.00 ± 397.05 | +3.33 | -2.17 | -10.33 | -15.83 | NS |
| BMD [g/cm2] | 1.47 ± 0.12 | -0.03 | -0.04 | 0 | -0.01 | ** | 1.54 ± 0.11 | -0.04 | -0.05 | -0.04 | -0.03 | NS |
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| Blood counts | ||||||||||||
| HGB [g/dl] | 15.31 ± 1.13 | -0.34 | -0.22 | -0.12 | -0.19 | NS | 15.28 ± 0.69 | -0.21 | +0.19 | +0.17 | -0.18 | NS |
| HCT [%] | 45.00 ± 3.21 | -1.23 | -0.89 | -0.88 | -1.24 | NS | 42.90 ± 1.89 | -0.70 | +0.50 | +0.15 | -1.32 | NS |
| Erythrocytes [mln/μl] | 5.25 ± 0.46 | -0.14 | -0.08 | -0.07 | -0.08 | NS | 5.19 ± 0.33 | -0.11 | -0.02 | 0 | -0.12 | NS |
| MCHC [g/dl] | 34.03 ± 0.57 | +0.14 | +0.20 | +0.37 | +0.56 | NS | 34.03 ± 0.44 | +0.07 | +0.04 | +0.27 | +0.60 | NS |
| MCH [p/g] | 29.24 ± 0.81 | +0.08 | -0.01 | +0.12 | -0.05 | NS | 29.48 ± 0.94 | +0.25 | +0.45 | +0.35 | +0.37 | NS |
| MCV [fl] | 85.95 ± 2.53 | -0.11 | -0.45 | -0.64 | -1.23 | NS | 86.63 ± 3.44 | +0.57 | +1.20 | +0.42 | -0.51 | * |
| RDW-CW [%] | 12.67 ± 0.42 | -0.17 | -0.21 | -0.34** | -0.24 | * | 12.70 ± 0.44 | +0.02 | +0.02 | +0.12 | -0.18 | NS |
| Leukocytes [tys/μl] | 7.33 ± 1.43 | -1.58 | -1.96# | -1.20 | -1.00 | ** | 7.74 ± 1.81 | -0.91 | -0.49# | -1.22 | -0.88 | NS |
| Monocytes [tys/μl] | 0.63 ± 0.16 | -0.06 | -0.15# | -0.13# | -0.01 | ** | 0.73 ± 0.24 | -0.08 | -0.03# | -0.10# | -0.03 | NS |
| Lymphocytes [tys/μl] | 2.95 ± 0.72 | -0.61 | -0.67** | -0.38 | -0.47 | ** | 2.77 ± 0.63 | -0.42 | -0.10 | -0.10 | -0.20 | NS |
| Neutrophils [tys/μl] | 3.49 ± 0.86 | -0.81 | -1.10** | -0.62 | -0.48 | ** | 3.92 ± 1.59 | -0.30 | -0.24 | -0.90 | -0.60 | NS |
| Basophils [tys/μl] | 0.05 ± 0.03 | -0.01 | 0 | -0.01 | -0.01 | NS | 0.07 ± 0.03 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | NS |
| Eosinophils [tys/μl] | 0.24 ± 0.11 | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.01 | -0.01 | NS | 0.23 ± 0.16 | -0.06 | -0.08 | -0.04 | +0.01 | NS |
| Platelets [tys/μl] | 266.23 ± 31.93 | -5.45 | -21.00 | -27.12 | -6.23 | * | 290.33 ± 62.64 | -7.00 | -20.83 | -6.16 | -22.83 | NS |
| PDW [fl] | 14.14 ± 2.00 | +0.05 | +0.63 | +0.99 | -0.13 | * | 14.48 ± 1.17 | +0.84 | +1.25 | +1.19 | +1.32 | NS |
| P-LCR [%] | 35.64 ± 6.82 | +1.69 | +3.19 | +3.72 | -0.05 | * | 37.65 ± 4.09 | +3.43 | +3.85 | +3.23 | +2.65 | * |
| MPV [fl] | 11.24 ± 0.85 | +0.29 | +0.4 | +0.49 | +0.07 | * | 11.47 ± 0.48 | +0.40 | +0.50* | +0.44 | +0.38 | * |
| PCT [%] | 0.30 ± 0 | 0 | 0 | -0.01 | 0 | NS | 0.35 ± 0.08 | -0.02 | -0.03 | -0.06 | -0.05 | NS |
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| Lipid profile | ||||||||||||
| TC [mmol/l] | 4.20 ± 0.76 | -0.20 | +0.30 | +0.05 | -0.07 | NS | 4.55 ± 0.63 | -0.59* | -0.19 | -0.23 | -0.42 | * |
| HDL-C [mmol/l] | 1.49 ± 0.34 | +0.20 | -0.01 | +0.02 | +0.25# | NS | 1.45 ± 0.48 | -0.10 | -0.08 | -0.17 | -0.11# | NS |
| LDL-C [mmol/l] | 2.19 ± 0.61 | -0.26 | +0.20 | +0.13 | -0.01 | NS | 2.32 ± 0.72 | -0.28 | +0.12 | +0.09 | +0.01 | NS |
| TG [mmol/dl] | 1.17 ± 0.46 | -0.34* | -0.34 | -0.26 | -0.19 | * | 1.70 ± 0.85 | -0.43 | -0.47 | -0.32 | -0.68 | NS |
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| Carbohydrates and fat metabolism | ||||||||||||
| Glucose [mmol/l] | 5.20 ± 0.32 | -0.59* | -0.31 | -0.51** | -0.15 | ** | 5.14 ± 0.18 | -0.37 | -0.28 | -0.21 | -0.17 | NS |
| Insulin [μIU/ml] | 8.24 ± 3.35 | -1.1 | -1.55 | -0.45 | +0.01 | NS | 7.59 ± 2.85 | +0.11 | +1.72 | +0.16 | -1.62 | NS |
| FFA [mmol/l] | 0.50 ± 0.22 | -0.01 | -0.08 | +0.07 | -0.14 | NS | 0.34 ± 0.26 | +0.25 | +0.16 | +0.04 | 0 | NS |
| b-HB [mmol/l] | 0.05 ± 0.02 | +0.21 | +0.12 | +0.14 | +0.09 | NS | 0.08 ± 0.11 | +0.18 | +0.06 | +0.01 | +0.03 | NS |
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| Electrolytes | ||||||||||||
| Sodium [mmol/l] | 142.65 ± 2.02 | -2.15 | -1.35 | -0.65 | -0.21* | * | 140.80 ± 1.34 | -1.47 | +0.2 | +0.5 | +0.70 | NS |
| Calcium [mmol/l] | 2.36 ± 0.08 | +0.10 | +0.15** | +0.12* | +0.11* | ** | 2.44 ± 0.07 | +0.03 | +0.07 | 0 | +0.02 | NS |
| Magnesium [mmol/l] | 0.83 ± 0.03 | +0.05 | +0.05 | +0.04 | +0.02 | NS | 0.83 ± 0.04 | +0.08* | +0.07 | +0.03 | -0.01 | ** |
| Potassium [mmol/l] | 4.60 ± 0.28 | -0.09 | -0.11 | +0.03 | -0.07 | NS | 4.63 ± 0.29 | -0.05 | -0.01 | -0.03 | +0.06 | NS |
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| Kidney parameters | ||||||||||||
| Creatinine [μmol/l] | 90.26 ± 9.72 | +8.07 | +9.96 | +9.41* | +2.96 | * | 93.33 ± 1.60 | +11.00 | +9.67 | +4.84 | +10.67* | ** |
| eGFR [ml/min/1.73 m2] | 86.40 ± 5.15 | -6.59 | -7.52 | -6.62 | -2.62 | * | 85.92 ± 2.61 | -9.67 | -9.03 | -4.42 | -9.94 | * |
| Urea [mmol/l] | 6.15 ± 1.90 | +1.08 | +0.63 | +1.36 | +0.38 | NS | 5.90 ± 1.22 | -0.17 | -0.20 | +0.82 | +1.07 | NS |
| Uric acid [μmol/l] | 330.90 ± 47.06 | +38.7 | +34.46 | +35.9 | +5.21 | NS | 297.85 ± 49.16 | +81.15* | +57.65 | +58.95 | +39.32 | NS |
| Cystatin C [mg/dl] | 0.82 ± 0.10 | -0.04 | -0.02 | 0 | +0.06 | * | 0.79 ± 0.10 | +0.04 | +0.07 | +0.04 | +0.09 | ** |
| Urine pH | 6.10 ± 0.92 | -0.66 | -0.82 | -0.6 | -0.77 | NS | 5.83 ± 0.90 | -0.08 | -0.50 | -0.08 | -0.41 | NS |
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| Liver parameters | ||||||||||||
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| ALT [U/l] | 25.37 ± 8.49 | -1.53 | +2.82 | -1.65 | -0.53 | NS | 29.17 ± 12.69 | -1.79 | +0.35 | -4.30 | -3.79 | NS |
| AST [U/l] | 25.38 ± 8.90 | -1.04 | -0.42 | -3.15 | -3.18 | NS | 25.33 ± 6.07 | +2.69 | -0.65 | -2.95 | -1.90 | NS |
| Alkaline Phosphatase [U/l] | 84.65 ± 22.06 | -8.54 | -6.76 | -4.43 | +0.57 | * | 80.33 ± 15.65 | +0.34 | +2.5 | -2.16 | +1.00 | NS |
| GGTP [mmol/l] | 20.27 ± 14.15 | -5.05 | -7.05 | -7.16* | -5.94 | * | 16.83 ± 6.41 | -2.66 | -2.16 | -2.00 | -3.83 | NS |
| Total bilirubin [μmol/l] | 7.64 ± 2.13 | +2.03 | +2.38 | +2.39 | +0.88 | NS | 9.81 ± 5.61 | +1.09 | +0.92 | -1.03 | -0.76 | NS |
Abbreviations: PD – Paleo diet; CD – control diet; × – arithmetic mean; SD – standard deviation; 1–2; 1–3; 1–4; 1–5 – differences between particular series; F – Friedman’s Test; BM – body mass; BMI – body mass index; FM – fat mass; FFM – fat free mass; MM – muscle mass; BMC – body mineral content; BMD – body mass density; HGB – haemoglobin; HCT – hematocrit; MCHC – mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; MCH – mean corpuscular haemoglobin; MCV – mean corpuscular volume; RDW-CV – red blood cell distribution with coefficient of variation; PDW – platelet distribution width; P-LCR – platelet-large cell ratio; MPV – mean platelet volume; PCT – procalcitonin; TC – total cholesterol; HDL-C – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C – low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TG – triglycerides; FFA – free fatty acids; b-HB – beta-hydroxybutyrate; e-GFR – estimated glomerular filtration rate; ALT – alanine aminotransferase; AST – aspartate aminotransferase; GGTP – gamma-glutamyl transferase; italics-changes between 1–5 series;
– test probability at the level of p < 0.05 intragroup;
– p < 0.01;
# – test probability at the level of p < 0.05 intergroup; ## – p < 0.01 in U-Mann test.