Table 1.
Longitudinal analysis of mean demographic scores and disease-related variables for pw-RRMS as combined and separated DMTs subgroups (injectables, fingolimod and DMF) and HCs at BL and 2-YFU.
| Characteristics | HCs | Combined pw-RRMS | INJ | FING | DMF | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample size | 43 | 78 | 29 | 36 | 13 | |||||
| Sex (% female) | 72.1% | 76.9% | 86.2% | 69.4% | 76.9% | |||||
| Age at baseline (years) | 40.8 ± 11 | 43.4 ± 11 | 45.1 ± 2 | 44.7 ± 2 | 35.9 ± 2 | |||||
| Timepoint | BL | 2-YFU | ||||||||
| Sample type | HCs | Combined pw-RRMS | INJ | FING | DMF | HCs | Combined pw-RRMS | INJ | FING | DMF |
| Disease duration (years) | - | 7 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 5 ± 2 | - | 9 ± 1 | 9 ± 1 | 11 ± 1 | 7 ± 1 |
| EDSS | - | 1.9 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | - | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 | 1.7 ± 0.1 |
| MSSS | - | 3 ± 0.2 | 3 ± 0.3 | 3 ± 0.4 | 4 ± 0.3 | - | 3 ± 0.2 | 3 ± 0.2 | 3 ± 0.3 | 3 ± 0.6 |
| tARCS | 94 ±2 | 88 ± 2 | 91 ±3 | 88 ± 3 | 82 ± 4 | 97 ± 2 | 87 ± 2*** | 88 ± 3 | 87 ± 3* | 83 ± 5* |
| Memory | 96 ± 2 | 92 ± 2 | 93 ± 3 | 91 ± 4 | 87 ± 5 | 98 ± 2 | 88 ± 9** | 91 ± 4 | 88 ± 4 | 83 ± 8 |
| Fluency | 95 ± 3 | 84 ± 2** | 85 ± 2 | 85 ± 3 | 80 ± 4* | 95 ± 2 | 84 ± 2*** | 85 ± 2 | 83 ± 3* | 84 ± 6 |
| Visuospatial | 101 ± 1 | 102 ± 1 | 101 ± 1 | 102 ± 1 | 102 ± 1 | 101 ± 1 | 101 ± 1 | 99 ± 3 | 102 ± 1 | 101 ± 1 |
| Language | 91 ± 4 | 89 ± 2 | 93 ± 4 | 87 ± 4 | 80 ± 3 | 93 ± 4 | 90 ± 2 | 92 ± 4 | 91 ± 3 | 80 ± 4 |
| Attention | 98 ± 2 | 96 ± 2 | 97 ± 3 | 95 ± 2 | 92 ± 4 | 103 ± 2 | 93 ± 1*** | 92 ± 2* | 92 ± 3* | 97 ± 5 |
| SDMT | 59 ± 2 | 51 ± 1*** | 50 ± 2** | 49 ± 2*** | 54 ± 3 | 61 ± 2 | 50 ± 1*** | 49 ± 2*** | 48 ± 2*** | 53 ± 3 |
| DASS-21 | 12 ± 2 | 23 ± 2** | 17 ± 4 | 23 ± 4* | 30 ± 6* | 10 ± 1 | 22 ± 2*** | 19 ± 4 | 23 ± 3** | 23 ± 5 |
| Stress | 7 ± 1 | 11 ± 1** | 8 ± 2 | 11 ± 2 | 16 ± 3** | 5 ± 1 | 11 ± 1*** | 8 ± 1 | 11 ± 2** | 14 ± 3** |
| Anxiety | 3 ± 1 | 6 ± 1** | 4 ± 1 | 6 ± 1* | 7 ± 2 | 2 ± 0.4 | 5.1 ± 1*** | 4 ± 1 | 5 ± 1** | 5 ± 1 |
| Depression | 3 ± 1 | 6 ± 1** | 4 ± 1 | 7 ± 1* | 7 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 7 ± 1*** | 6 ± 2 | 6 ± 1 | 6 ± 2 |
| MFIS | 14 ± 2 | 33 ± 2*** | 25 ± 3* | 36 ± 3*** | 37 ± 5*** | 11 ± 2 | 31 ± 2*** | 27 ± 3*** | 33 ± 3*** | 29 ± 4** |
| Physical fatigue | 6 ± 1 | 17 ± 1*** | 12 ± 2** | 19 ± 2*** | 18 ± 3*** | 5 ± 1 | 15 ± 1*** | 13 ± 2*** | 16 ± 2*** | 13 ± 2* |
| Cognitive fatigue | 8 ± 1 | 16 ± 1*** | 12 ± 2 | 17 ± 2*** | 19 ± 3*** | 6 ± 1 | 16 ± 1*** | 13 ± 2** | 16 ± 2*** | 16 ± 2** |
Values are expressed in mean ± standard error of measurement. HCs: healthy controls; pw-RRMS: people with relapse-remitting MS; INJ: injectables; FING: fingolimod; DMF: dimethyl fumarate; BL: baseline timepoint; 2-YFU: 2-years follow-up timepoint; EDSS: expanded disability status scale; MSSS: multiple sclerosis severity score; tARCS: total audio recorded cognitive screen; SDMT: symbol digit modalities test; DASS: depression, anxiety, stress scale; MFIS: modified fatigue impact scale. *p-value ≤ 0.05, **p-value ≤ 0.01, ***p-value ≤ 0.001 refer to HCs versus combined, injectables, fingolimod or DMF at BL or 2-FYU.