Table 1.
Angio-architectural baseline characteristics compared between ruptured and unruptured bAVMs groups.
| Unruptured bAVM (N = 65) | Ruptured bAVM (N = 78) | p-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis [years] | median (IQR) | 43 (30–57) | 50 (35–65) | 0.039 |
| Diameter of nidus (LL horizontal) [mm] | median (IQR) | 2.88 (2.15–4.3) | 1.64 (1.13–2.59) | <0.001 |
| Diameter of nidus (LL vertical) [mm] | median (IQR) | 2.84 (1.96–3.8) | 1.37 (1.02–2.23) | <0.001 |
| Diameter of nidus (AP transverse) [mm] | median (IQR) | 2.68 (2.11–3.69) | 1.4 (0.93–1.8) | <0.001 |
| Volume of nidus [mm3] | median (IQR) | 12.21 (5.97–26.27) | 1.42 (0.63–4.73) | <0.001 |
| N of arterial axes | median (IQR) | 2 (1–2) | 1 (1–2) | 0.106 |
| N of arterial feeders | median (IQR) | 5 (3–7) | 4 (3–5) | 0.018 |
| N° of terminal arterial feeders | median (IQR) | 2 (1–4) | 2 (0–3) | 0.106 |
| N° of “en-passage” arterial feeders | median (IQR) | 3 (1–4) | 2 (1–3) | 0.299 |
| N° of pial arterial feeders | median (IQR) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0.432 |
| N of draining veins | median (IQR) | 2 (1–3) | 1 (1–2) | 0.005 |
| Maximal diameter of nidus [mm] | median (IQR) | 3.31 (2.53–4.53) | 1.89 (1.37–2.75) | <0.001 |
| Diameter of the major arterial feeder measured 1 cm before nidus [mm] | median (IQR) | 2.08 (1.62–2.6) | 1.4 (1–2.03) | <0.001 |
| Aneurysm bAVM | median (IQR) | 1 (0–2) | 1 (0–2) | 0.828 |
| Sex | 0.999 | |||
| Males | n (%) | 30 (46.15) | 36 (46.15) | |
| Females | n (%) | 35 (53.85) | 42 (53.85) | |
| Type of nidus | 0.518 | |||
| Compact | n (%) | 2 (3.08) | 4 (5.13) | |
| Diffuse | n° (%) | 63 (96.92) | 72 (92.31) | |
| Pluri-focal | n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.56) | |
| N° of arterial axes | 0.036 | |||
| 1 | n (%) | 32 (49.23) | 50 (64.10) | |
| 2 | n (%) | 26 (40.00) | 21 (26.92) | |
| 3 | n (%) | 6 (9.23) | 3 (3.85) | |
| 4 | n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (5.13) | |
| 5 | n (%) | 1 (1.54) | 0 (0) | |
| External carotid artery supply | 0.251 | |||
| No | n (%) | 65 (100) | 75 (96.15) | |
| Yes | n° (%) | 0 (0) | 3 (3.85) | |
| Type of venous drainage | 0.049 | |||
| Superficial | n (%) | 31 (47.69) | 45 (57.69) | |
| Deep | n (%) | 16 (24.61) | 24 (30.77) | |
| Mixed | n (%) | 18 (27.60) | 9 (11.54) | |
| Venous drainage alterations | <0.001 | |||
| No | n (%) | 14 (21.54) | 40 (51.28) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 51 (78.46) | 38 (48.72) | |
| Venous ectasia | <0.001 | |||
| No | n (%) | 22 (33.85) | 52 (66.67) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 43 (66.15) | 26 (33.33) | |
| Venous varix | 0.105 | |||
| No | n (%) | 51 (78.46) | 69 (88.46) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 14 (21.54) | 9 (11.54) | |
| Venous stenosis | 0.857 | |||
| No | n (%) | 56 (86.15) | 68 (87.18) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 9 (13.85) | 10 (12.82) | |
| Venous thrombosis | 0.501 | |||
| No | n (%) | 65 (100) | 76 (97.44) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (2.56) | |
| Venous flow reversal | 0.999 | |||
| No | n (%) | 63 (96.92) | 75 (96.15) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 2 (3.08) | 3 (3.85) | |
| Eloquent area | 0.614 | |||
| No | n (%) | 39 (60) | 50 (64.10) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 26 (40) | 28 (35.90) | |
| Spetzler Martin grade | 0.015 | |||
| 1 | n (%) | 10 (15.38) | 23 (30.67) | |
| 2 | n (%) | 20 (30.77) | 29 (38.67) | |
| 3 | n (%) | 23 (35.38) | 18 (24.00) | |
| 4 | n (%) | 11 (16.92) | 3 (4.00) | |
| 5 | n (%) | 1 (1.54) | 2 (2.67) | |
| Buffalo grade | 0.997 | |||
| 1 | n (%) | 8 (12.31) | 9 (12.00) | |
| 2 | n° (%) | 14 (21.54) | 16 (21.33) | |
| 3 | n (%) | 24 (36.92) | 29 (38.67) | |
| 4 | n (%) | 19 (29.23) | 21 (28.00) | |
| Atypical feature of bAVM | 0.473 | |||
| No | n (%) | 28 (43.08) | 29 (37.18) | |
| Yes | n (%) | 37 (56.92) | 49 (62.82) | |
| Type of aneurysms | 0.010 | |||
| Intranidal | n (%) | 15 (23.08) | 13 (16.67) | |
| Prenidal | n (%) | 9 (13.85) | 29 (37.18) | |
| Mixed | n (%) | 13 (20.00) | 7 (8.97) | |
| No aneurysm | n (%) | 28 (43.08) | 29 (37.18) | |