Table 1.

Study characteristics of the published studies included in the meta-analysis.

Author	Publication Year	Study Period	Region	Study design	Detection method	Case(n)	Control(n)	Case	Control	Indicator
Gariano RF	2000	–	USA	Case-control study	Radioimmunoassay	39	32	25.2 ± 6.9	12.1 ± 1.3	Leptin
Uckaya G	2000	–	Turkey	Case-control study	Radioimmunoassay	37	33	13.6 ± 17.03	5.8 ± 3.7	Leptin
Hernández C	2004	–	Spain	Case-control study	ELISA	25	32	23 ± 15.4	20.1 ± 18.8	Leptin
Yonem A	2009	February 2007 – September 2007	Turkey	Case-control study	ELISA	38	41	4.22 ± 2.84	4.45 ± 3.68	Apelin
Tao Y	2010	–	China	Prospective study	ELISA	55	34	16.9 ± 12.5	18.1 ± 13.4	Apelin
Tasci E	2011	–	Turkey	Case-control study	ELISA	9	51	27 ± 30	7.47 ± 9.05	Leptin
Dossarps D	2013	February 2008 – November 2010	France	Case-control study	ELISA	69	110	22.84 ± 18.75	19 ± 27	Leptin
Du J	2014	May 2012 – June 2013	China	Case-control study	ELISA	39	30	4.04 ± 1.24	3.7 ± 1.49	Apelin
Wan W	2015	–	China	Case-control study	ELISA	144	60	149.19 ± 39.03	184 ± 47	Omentin-1
Du J	2015	May 2012 – April 2013	China	Case-control study	ELISA	35	25	136.57 ± 27.88	113 ± 20	Chemerin
Li J	2016	–	China	Case-control study	ELISA	38	25	4.93 ± 4.59	2.53 ± 3.06	Chemerin
Malik TG	2018	March – December 2017	Pakistan	Case-control study	Flow cytometry	40	15	4660 ± 4300	11424 ± 9042	Leptin
Afarid M	2018	February 2016 – February 2017	Iran	Case-control study	ELISA	44	39	40 ± 33	19 ± 14	Leptin
Katagiri M	2018	August 2012 – June 2013	Tokyo	Case-control study	ELISA	25	8	356 ± 419	47 ± 49	Leptin
Wu R	2020	December 1, 2018 – November 30, 2019	China	Case-control study	ELISA	140	75	7.83 ± 2.46	4.22 ± 1.04	Apelin
Yang HS	2021	March 2020 – February 2021	Korea	Case-control study	Flow cytometry	59	39	72373 ± 496855	7524 ± 7316	Leptin
Wang L	2021	–	China	Case-control study	ELISA	45	45	35 ± 10	22 ± 10	Chemerin
Yasir M	2022	August 2016 – March 2018	India	Case-control study	ELISA	112	56	1584 ± 1335.48, 451 ± 205.4, 3.35 ± 3.18	993 ± 955, 377 ± 180, 6.43 ± 4.29	Apelin, chemerin, omentin-1