Table 1.
Participants’ demographic information, self-reports, and creativity quiz results.
| Variable | IMG (M+SD) n = 38 | VMG (M+SD) n = 39 | CG (M+SD) n = 37 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 22.08 (1.97) | 21.13 (1.66) | 22.16 (1.96) | |||||||
| Sex | Male = 13, Female = 25 | Male = 16, Female = 23 | Male = 12, Female = 25 | |||||||
| SAM | EV** | PP:6.57 (1.26); NP:3.41(1.46) | PP:6.92 (1.12); NP:2.41 (1.12) | |||||||
| EA** | PA:6.08 (1.34); NA:4.62(1.38) | PA:6.95 (1.31); NA:5.95 (1.41) | ||||||||
| Creativity levels | HP | SP | NP | HP | SP | NP | HP | SP | NP | |
| MPQ | Creativity* | 15.16(5.58) | 19.08(7.30) | 16.50(5.75) | 12.80(3.51) | 14.38(7.50) | 13.00(5.43) | 12.91(6.40) | 17.20(5.07) | 13.13(4.22) |
| Fluency* | 8.32(3.11) | 10.08(3.52) | 8.33(3.01) | 6.27(1.87) | 7.75(4.46) | 6.94(2.38) | 7.00(4.31) | 9.70(3.20) | 6.56(2.25) | |
| Flexibility | 5.42(1.57) | 6.77(2.42) | 6.50(1.64) | 5.00(1.36) | 5.38(1.92) | 4.81(1.68) | 4.64(1.80) | 5.60(2.01) | 5.63(1.78) | |
| Originality | 1.53(1.17) | 2.00(0.91) | 1.67(1.21) | 1.27(0.80) | 1.38(1.06) | 1.25(0.93) | 1.09(1.04) | 1.80(0.92) | 1.13(0.89) | |
| Creativity levels | HM | SM | HM | SM | Quiet | |||||
| AUT | Creativity** | 16.71(6.23) | 15.66(6.02) | 13.21(5.28) | 11.90(3.40) | 14.16(5.36) | ||||
| Fluency* | 8.92(3.20) | 7.18(2.93) | 6.85(2.80) | 5.97(2.12) | 7.54(3.41) | |||||
| Flexibility** | 6.05(1.94) | 5.66(1.74) | 5.00(1.62) | 4.64(1.11) | 5.32(1.86) | |||||
| Originality** | 1.71(1.10) | 2.66(1.21) | 1.28(0.90) | 1.31(0.94) | 1.30(0.97) | |||||
IMG, Instrumental Music Group; VMG, Vocal Music Group; CG, Control Group; SAM, Self-Assessment Manikin Scale;EV, Emotional Valence; EA, Emotional Arousal; PP, Positive pleasantness; NP, Negative pleasure; PA, Positive arousal; NA, Negative arousal; AUT, Alternative Use Tasks; ODT, Overall level of divergent thinking; MPQ, Music Preference Questionnaire; HP, Happy Preference; SP, Sadness preference; NP, No preference; HM, happy music; SM, sad music; *p < 0.05, ** p <0.01.