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. 2023 Oct 5;14:1247133. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1247133

Table 2.

Mean and standard deviation of emotional potency and emotional arousal scores, as well as classifier performance across two background conditions and two time points.

Instrumental music group (n = 38) Vocal music group (n = 39)
Positive instrumental Negative instrumental Positive vocal Negative vocal
M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD M ± SD
Pre-test emotional state
Valence 4.579(0.92) 4.37(0.85) 4.79(0.83) 4.51(0.94)
Arousal 4.53(1.22) 4.45(1.11) 4.74(1.09) 4.80(1.03)
Post-test emotional state
Valence 6.53(1.01) 3.37(1.02) 6.9(1.02) 2.44(0.91)
Arousal 6.03(1.00) 5.61(0.95) 6.97(0.93) 5.87(0.89)