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. 2023 Oct 5;14:1277033. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1277033

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The effect of a combined TLR-blockade is positively correlated with the intrinsic cytokine production ex vivo. (A) Supernatant inflammatory cytokine concentrations before and after a 6 h incubation of whole blood of sepsis patients (shaded columns) showing the greatest ex vivo production (ΔIncubation) of each cytokine after incubation for 6 h (quartile 4 of ΔIncubation) and of healthy volunteers (n=11, open columns) with or without a cocktail of TLR inhibitors (anti-TLR2 mAb T2.5, anti-TLR4 mAb 3C3 (both 15 µg/ml), and chloroquine 10 µg/ml). Data from quartile 4 (n=13 patients). Tukey boxplots. Mann-Whitney test for unpaired and Wilcoxon matched-pairs test for paired data sets. *one datapoint out of axis limits. (B) Plot and Spearman’s rank correlation of concentration changes over 6 hours of incubation (ΔIncubation) alone and with added TLR-inhibitors (TLR-I effect). n=51 patients. Negative values cannot be plotted on the logarithmic axes but are included in the analysis. Combined TLR-inhibition strongly inhibits cytokine production in those samples with a high intrinsic cytokine production. Intrinsic cytokine production and TLR-I effect correlate significantly.