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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Oct 20.
Published in final edited form as: Int J Nurs Stud. 2022 Apr 30;132:104278. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104278

Table 2.

Linear mixed model results for the comparison of outcome variables between the two IBS groups.

Group Intervention effect at 6 weeks (reference: Baseline) Intervention effect at 12 weeks (reference: Baseline) Group difference of intervention effect at 12 weeks (reference: Online Modules)



Estimate (b) p-Value Estimate (b) p-Value Estimate (b) p-Value
BPI average pain intensity
 Nurse-Led Online Modules −0.638 0.007 −0.730 0.003 −0.138 0.674
 Online Modules −0.209 0.331 −0.592 0.009
BPI pain interference
 Nurse-Led Online Modules −0.428 0.153 −1.194 <0.001 −0.424 0.311
 Online Modules −0.259 0.344 −0.770 0.008
IBS-QOL: Total score
 Nurse-Led Online Modules 8.031 <0.001 10.489 <0.001 6.125 0.040
 Online Modules 2.791 0.151 4.364 0.033
PROMIS Anxiety T-score
 Nurse-Led Online Modules −1.236 0.368 −3.433 0.016 −3.345 0.086
 Online Modules 1.509 0.232 −0.088 0.932
PROMIS Depression T-score
 Nurse-Led Online Modules −0.341 0.782 −1.883 0.137 −1.823 0.286
 Online Modules 0.594 0.590 −0.060 0.956
PROMIS Fatigue T-score
 Nurse-Led Online Modules −1.120 0.387 −2.238 0.098 −1.469 0.423
 Online Modules 2.843 0.020 −0.770 0.534
PROMIS Sleep Disturbance T-score
 Nurse-Led Online Modules −1.013 0.397 −1.053 0.394 −0.866 0.597
 Online Modules 1.367 0.209 −0.187 0.883

Note: IBS, irritable bowel syndrome; BPI, brief pain inventory; QOL, quality of life; PROMIS, Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Bold statistically significant p < 0.05.