Table 2.
First incident polyp and follow-up characteristics in patients with IBD and in reference individuals from the general population matched to each patient by age, sex and calendar year.
| IBD | UC | CD | Reference [IBD overall] | IBD [no matched comparator] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of events | 1648 [3.9%] | 1241 [4.3] | 407 [3.2%] | 1143 [2.7%] | 833 [3.0%] |
| Person-years of follow-up | 357 659 | 243 752 | 113 907 | 333 936 | |
| Polyps | |||||
| Tubular adenoma | 1 177 [71.4%] | 877 [70.7%] | 300 [73.7%] | 839 [73.4%] | 600 [72.0%] |
| Sessile serrated polyps | 13 [0.8%] | 9 [0.7%] | 4 [1.0%] | 1 [0.1%] | 8 [1.0%] |
| Polyp unspecified with LGD | 32 [1.9%] | 27 [2.2%] | 5 [1.2%] | 11 [1.0%] | 24 [2.9%] |
| Any advanced polyp | 487 [29.6%] | 379 [30.5%] | 108 [26.5%] | 340 [29.7%] | 229 [27.5%] |
| Sessile serrated polyps with LGD | 7 [0.4%] | 6 [0.5%] | 1 [0.2%] | 1 [0.1%] | 2 [0.2%] |
| Traditional serrated adenomas | 58 [3.5%] | 42 [3.4%] | 16 [3.9%] | 27 [2.4%] | 29 [3.5%] |
| Traditional serrated adenomas with LGD | 19 [1.2%] | 13 [1.0%] | 6 [1.5%] | 9 [0.8%] | 11 [1.3%] |
| Tubulovillous | 381 [23.1%] | 296 [23.9%] | 85 [20.9%] | 278 [24.3%] | 181 [21.7%] |
| Tubulovillous with HGD | 16 [1.0%] | 14 [1.1%] | 2 [0.5%] | 14 [1.2%] | 7 [0.8%] |
| Villous | 29 [1.8%] | 25 [2.0%] | 4 [1.0%] | 21 [1.8%] | 11 [1.3%] |
| Villous with HGD | 2 [0.1%] | 0 | 2 [0.5%] | 1 [0.1%] | 1 [0.1%] |
| Tubulous with HGD | 16 [1.0%] | 14 [1.1%] | 2 [0.5%] | 17 [1.5%] | 6 [0.7%] |
| Polyp unspecified with HGD | 2 [0.1%] | 2 [0.2%] | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Age at polyp diagnosis [years] | |||||
| Mean [SD] | 63.5 [12.0] | 63.9 [11.6] | 62.5 [12.9] | 64.0 [12.0] | 50.3 [14.1] |
| Median [IQR] | 64.9 [56.3–71.9] | 65.2 [57.3–72.0] | 63.9 [54.3–71.3] | 64.9 [57.4–72.3] | 51.2 [40.2–60.9] |
| Range, min–max | 20.1–93.2 | 20.1–93.2 | 30.2–92.1 | 19.4–96.4 | 14.5–83.3 |
| <18 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 7 [0.8%] |
| 18 to <40 | 70 [4.2%] | 46 [3.7%] | 24 [5.9%] | 36 [3.1%] | 197 [23.6%] |
| 40 to <60 | 504 [30.6%] | 369 [29.7%] | 135 [33.2%] | 341 [29.8%] | 403 [48.4%] |
| ≥60 | 1 074 [65.2%] | 826 [66.6%] | 248 [60.9%] | 766 [67.0%] | 226 [27.1%] |
| Year of polyp diagnosis | |||||
| 1969–1976 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1977–1990 | 14 [0.8%] | 11 [0.9%] | 3 [0.7%] | 19 [1.7%] | 21 [2.5%] |
| 1991–2002 | 189 [11.5%] | 145 [11.7%] | 44 [10.8%] | 234 [20.5%] | 171 [20.5%] |
| 2003–2017 | 1445 [87.7%] | 1085 [87.4%] | 360 [88.5%] | 890 [77.9%] | 641 [77.0%] |
| Inflammatory status at polyp diagnosis | |||||
| Low histology score | 208 [12.6%] | 155 [12.5%] | 53 [13.0%] | — | 89 [10.7%] |
| High histology score | 1440 [87.4%] | 1086 [87.5%] | 354 [87.0%] | — | 744 [89.3%] |
| Polyp location | |||||
| Colon | 1525 [92.5%] | 1156 [93.2%] | 369 [90.7%] | 940 [82.2%] | 780 [93.6%] |
| Proximal colon | 165 [10.0%] | 131 [10.6%] | 34 [8.4%] | 71 [6.2%] | 73 [8.8%] |
| Distal colon | 161 [9.8%] | 122 [9.8%] | 39 [9.6%] | 104 [9.1%] | 73 [8.8%] |
| Rectum | 647 [39.3%] | 495 [39.9%] | 152 [37.3%] | 339 [29.7%] | 302 [36.3%] |
| Length of follow-up [years] | |||||
| Mean [SD] | 8.5 [6.4] | 8.4 [6.2] | 8.9 [6.8] | 8.0 [6.4] | 13.3 [8.1] |
| Median [IQR] | 7.3 [3.4–12.5] | 7.2 [3.4–12.3] | 7.3 [3.4–12.8] | 6.6 [2.8–11.9] | 13.0 [7.0–17.9] |
| Range, min–max | 0.0–41.5 | 0.0–41.5 | 0.0–37.7 | 0.0–39.5 | 0.0–47.0 |
| 0 to <1 | 2 913 [7.0%] | 2 092 [7.2%] | 821 [6.4%] | 4 739 [11.3%] | 871 [3.2%] |
| 1 to <5 | 12 143 [29.0%] | 8415 [29.0%] | 3728 [29.0%] | 12 098 [28.9%] | 3918 [14.3%] |
| 5 to <10 | 11 872 [28.3%] | 8273 [28.5%] | 3599 [28.0%] | 11 364 [27.1%] | 5391 [19.7%] |
| 10 to <20 | 12 714 [30.4%] | 8972 [30.9%] | 3742 [29.1%] | 11 607 [27.7%] | 12 156 [44.4%] |
| ≥20 | 2238 [5.3%] | 1278 [4.4%] | 960 [7.5%] | 2072 [4.9%] | 5025 [18.4%] |
| No. of endoscopies during follow-up, n [%] | |||||
| 0 | 13 787 [32.9%] | 9214 [31.7%] | 4573 [35.6%] | 31 767 [75.9%] | 5397 [19.7%] |
| 1 | 5688 [13.6%] | 3722 [12.8%] | 1966 [15.3%] | 5577 [13.3%] | 3028 [11.1%] |
| 2 | 5565 [13.3%] | 3755 [12.9%] | 1810 [14.1%] | 2726 [6.5%] | 3182 [11.6%] |
| ≥3 | 16 840 [40.2%] | 12 339 [42.5%] | 4501 [35.0%] | 1810 [4.3%] | 15 754 [57.6%] |
| Colon surgery during follow-up | |||||
| Colectomy or segmental resection | 3618 [8.6%] | 2038 [7.0%] | 1580 [12.3%] | 576 [1.4%] | 4338 [15.9%] |
| Other bowel surgery | 712 [1.7%] | 472 [1.6%] | 240 [1.9%] | 507 [1.2%] | 937 [3.4%] |
| IBD therapy exposure during follow-up | |||||
| Corticosteroids | 20 200 [48.2%] | 14 011 [48.3%] | 6189 [48.2%] | 10 619 [25.4%] | 14 575 [53.3%] |
| 5-ASA | 22 167 [52.9%] | 17 907 [61.7%] | 4260 [33.2%] | 1148 [2.7%] | 14 900 [54.5%] |
| Immunomodulators | 10 757 [25.7%] | 6034 [20.8%] | 4723 [36.8%] | 1144 [2.7%] | 10 548 [38.6%] |
| Anti-TNF | 3776 [9.0%] | 1939 [6.7%] | 1837 [14.3%] | 237 [0.6%] | 4299 [15.7%] |
| Vedolizumab | 366 [0.9%] | 230 [0.8%] | 136 [1.1%] | 0 | 402 [1.5%] |
| Ustekinumab | 43 [0.1%] | 14 [0.0%] | 29 [0.2%] | 10 [0.0%] | 67 [0.2%] |
| Tofacitinib | 365 [0.9%] | 229 [0.8%] | 136 [1.1%] | 0 | 399 [1.5%] |
| Reasons for end of follow-up | |||||
| Event [any polyp] | 1648 [3.9%] | 1241 [4.3%] | 407 [3.2%] | 1143 [2.7%] | 833 [3.0%] |
| Death | 6296 [15.0%] | 4351 [15.0%] | 1945 [15.1%] | 6768 [16.2%] | 1434 [5.2%] |
| Emigration | 387 [0.9%] | 275 [0.9%] | 112 [0.9%] | 276 [0.7%] | 708 [2.6%] |
| Colorectal cancer | 393 [0.9%] | 275 [0.9%] | 118 [0.9%] | 459 [1.1%] | 243 [0.9%] |
| Colectomy | 1841 [4.4%] | 1584 [5.5%] | 257 [2.0%] | 69 [0.2%] | 2344 [8.6%] |
| IBD in control | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3125 [7.5%] | 0 |
| End of follow-up | 31 315 [74.8%] | 21 304 [73.4%] | 10 011 [77.9%] | 30 040 [71.7%] | 21 799 [79.7%] |
Abbreviations: IBD = inflammatory bowel disease, CD = Crohn’s disease, UC = ulcerative colitis, IQR = interquartile range, NA = not applicable.