Figure 7. UpWind Neurons (UpWiNs) are required for memory-driven upwind locomotion.

(A) Upwind response to the odor associated with sugar in control genotypes and flies that express tetanus toxin (TNT) in UpWiNs. (B) Time course of upwind response. (C) Appetitive memories of control genotypes and flies expressing shibire (Shi) in UpWiNs were tested 1 day after odor-sugar conditioning at restrictive or permissive temperature. (D) Time course of fly’s preference to quadrants with red LED light by SS33917>CsChrimson (blue) or empty-split-GAL4>CsChrimson (gray). The preference to red LED quadrants during the last 5 s of two 30 s activation period was significantly higher for SS33917>CsChrimson flies (right). (E) The probability of returning to the location where LED stimulation was terminated were measured as in Figure 2, but without airflow. See Figure 7—figure supplement 1 for the time courses and other parameters. UpWiN drivers are shown together with SS49755 from the screen.

Figure 7—figure supplement 1. UpWind Neuron (UpWiN) activation phenotypes without airflow.

Time course of the five parameters shown in Figure 2—figure supplement 1 but in the absence of airflow. Lines and filled areas around lines are mean and SEM; CsChrimson-expressing flies (blue) and empty-split-GAL4 control (gray). The return probability was calculated within a 15 s time window. High return probability during LED ON period (10–20 s) does not necessarily mean that flies returned during LED ON period. If a fly is at the position A when t=10 s, to be counted as ‘returned’, it needs to move more than 10 mm away from A and move back to the position less than 3 mm distance from A by t=25 s. In the case of sugar sensory neuron activation with Gr64f-GAL4, the peak of return probability is shifted toward a later time point because flies stop and extend proboscis during activation period.