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. 2023 Oct 20;14:6644. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42286-3

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Morphologies of Gly-PFOBs and control probes without CEST signals (PFOBs) were determined by TEM. Scale bars, 1 μm. Repeated three times independently with similar results. b Elemental mapping analysis of Gly-PFOBs, repeated one time. Scale bars, 50 nm. c Measurement of changes in the intensity-averaged mean particle size (hydrodynamic particle diameter) of Gly-PFOBs, n = 5 independent measurements. Three-dimensional (3D) graphs were generated using Matlab based on the average values obtained. d CEST signal properties of Gly-PFOBs with different glycerol concentrations (0 mM, 208 mM, 415 mM, and 623 mM) at different saturation pulse powers (0.6 μT, 0.8 μT, 1.0 μT, 1.2 μT, and 1.8 μT). Repeated three times independently with similar results. e ¹H-CEST MR imaging results of aqueous glycerol solutions with different concentrations. Repeated 3 times independently with similar results. f T₁WI, ¹⁹F/¹H-CEST MR imaging results of Gly-PFOBs with different glycerol concentrations. Repeated 3 times independently with similar results. CEST chemical exchange saturation transfer, MTR_asym magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry, ST% saturation frequency. Source data are provided as a Source data file.