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. 2023 Aug 22;30(10):2293–2308. doi: 10.1038/s41418-023-01207-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — A Representative WISH images showed Hnrnpk (left panel) and Sox9 (middle panel) expression at E10.5 (top), E11.5 (middle), and E12.5 (bottom) limb buds. The Hnrnpk-diagram (right panel) presented the range of Hnrnpk signals. The black arrows indicated stronger signals detected in the periphery and cartilage primordia region of the limb buds. Scale bar: 1 mm. B Construction protocol of floxed-Hnrnpk mice. Exons 4–7 of the Hnrnpk gene was flanked by loxP sites. The horizontal lines indicated chromatin, vertical lines indicated the exons of Hnrnpk, yellow line represented the exon of adjacent gene Rmi1, and triangles indicated loxP sites inserted. C The efficient knockout of Hnrnpk in limb buds was confirmed by WB using proteins from E11.5 WT and CKO limb buds. β-Actin was used as the loading control. D Representative images of general observation (left panel) and skeletal preparation (right panel) of E18.5 WT and CKO embryos. The black arrow indicated the hematoma on the E18.5 CKO head. Scale bar: 1 mm. E Representative images of general observation of E12.5 WT and CKO embryos. The dotted boxes showed regions of mesenchyme condensation. Scale bar: 1 mm. F Representative Lyso tracker images of E11.5 WT and CKO limb buds. The white boxes indicated the magnification of the forelimb. Scale bar: 1 mm.