Table 1.
Comparison of baseline characteristics of patients in different serum AP levels groups.
| Items | Total population | COV | Serum AP level Tertile | P value | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low | COV | Middle | COV | High | COV | ||||
| n | 774 | 254 | 263 | 257 | |||||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||||||
| Age, years | 62.00 (52.00–69.00) | 0.18 | 63.00 (54.00 − 70.00) | 0.17 | 62.00 (51.00–70.00) | 0.19 | 61.00 (51.50 − 67.00) | 0.19 | 0.090 |
| Male, n (%) | 597 (77.13) | – | 208 (81.89) | – | 197 (74.91) | – | 192 (74.71) | – | 0.088 |
| Ischemic time, hour | 18.00 (6.00–72.00) | 41.39 | 17.00 (6.00 − 72.00) | 37.00 | 12.00 (5.00–48.00) | 89.68 | 24.00 (6.50 − 96.00) | 13.22 | 0.042 |
| Time for revascularization, hour | 77.00 (24.00–158.00) | 1.34 | 71.00 (22.00–156.00) | 1.49 | 79.00 (23.25.00–156.00) | 1.20 | 89.00 (27.75 − 163.00) | 1.21 | 0.862 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 196 (25.32) | – | 79 (31.10) | – | 60 (22.81) | – | 57 (22.18) | – | 0.035 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 452 (58.40) | – | 154 (60.63) | – | 149 (56.65) | – | 149 (57.98) | – | 0.648 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 207 (26.74) | – | 51 (20.08) | – | 72 (27.38) | – | 84 (32.68) | – | 0.005 |
| Current Smoking, n (%) | 253 (32.69) | – | 77 (30.31) | – | 89 (33.84) | – | 87 (33.85) | – | 0.617 |
| Family History of CAD, n (%) | 31 (4.01) | – | 6 (2.36) | – | 15 (5.70) | – | 10 (3.89) | – | 0.152 |
| Family History of Cerebrovascular disease , n (%) | 125 (16.15) | – | 41 (16.14) | – | 38 (14.45) | – | 46 (17.90) | – | 0.565 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 28 (3.62) | – | 10 (3.94) | – | 14 (5.32) | – | 4 (1.56) | – | 0.067 |
| STEMI, n (%) | 399 (51.55) | – | 120 (47.24) | – | 134 (50.95) | – | 145 (56.42) | – | 0.113 |
| Vital signs at admission | |||||||||
| SBP, mmHg | 129.00 (115.00 − 143.25) | 0.17 | 127.00 (113.00–144.00) | 0.18 | 132.00 (116.00 − 143.00) | 0.15 | 128.00 (115.00 − 144.00) | 0.18 | 0.530 |
| DBP, mmHg | 80.00 (72.00 − 89.00) | 0.17 | 79.00 (72.00–89.00) | 0.16 | 80.00 (73.00 − 89.00) | 0.16 | 80.00 (72.00 − 90.00) | 0.18 | 0.396 |
| RHR, beats per minute | 75.00 (66.00 − 85.00) | 0.22 | 74.50 (65.00–82.00) | 0.21 | 75.00 (67.00 − 85.00) | 0.22 | 76.00 (67.00 − 88.00) | 0.22 | 0.068 |
| Laboratory characteristics | |||||||||
| WBC , 10^9/L | 8.40 (6.60 − 10.60) | 0.41 | 7.80 (6.30–10.10) | 0.45 | 8.60 (6.60 − 10.50) | 0.36 | 9.00 (6.80 − 11.60) | 0.40 | 0.001 |
| Hb , g/L | 138.00 (126.00 − 148.00) | 0.13 | 139.00 (125.75–146.00) | 0.13 | 137.00 (126.00 − 148.00) | 0.14 | 139.00 (127.50 − 150.00) | 0.13 | 0.311 |
| FBG, mmol/L | 5.61 (4.86 − 7.27) | 0.62 | 5.56 (4.78–7.10) | 0.68 | 5.61 (4.91 − 6.92) | 0.56 | 5.63 (4.94 − 7.84) | 0.61 | 0.247 |
| Creatinine, μmol/L | 70.50 (61.68 − 81.30) | 0.31 | 71.25 (63.00–83.30) | 0.29 | 70.90 (61.60 − 81.00) | 0.33 | 68.60 (60.20 − 79.25) | 0.30 | 0.096 |
| BUN, mmol/L | 5.28 (4.24 − 6.53) | 0.48 | 5.43 (4.48–6.61) | 0.41 | 5.24 (4.23 − 6.56) | 0.56 | 5.06 (4.10 − 6.48) | 0.46 | 0.074 |
| LDL–C, mmol/L | 2.90 (2.38 − 3.36) | 0.26 | 2.75 (2.35–3.31) | 0.25 | 2.92 (2.35 − 3.39) | 0.25 | 2.99 (2.47 − 3.43) | 0.27 | 0.032 |
| HDL–C, mmol/L | 0.97 (0.84 − 1.11) | 0.27 | 0.96 (0.83–1.07) | 0.20 | 0.96 (0.84 − 1.11) | 0.26 | 0.99 (0.84 − 1.16) | 0.33 | 0.116 |
| TG, mmol/L | 1.32 (0.98 − 1.86) | 0.64 | 1.27 (0.91–1.81) | 0.63 | 1.30 (1.05 − 1.86) | 0.64 | 1.39 (1.07 − 1.90) | 0.63 | 0.096 |
| TC, mmol/L | 4.59 (3.88 − 5.22) | 0.23 | 4.46 (3.82–5.01) | 0.21 | 4.59 (3.86 − 5.21) | 0.22 | 4.78 (4.00 − 5.38) | 0.24 | 0.006 |
| UA, μmol/L | 331.60 (279.65 − 402.05) | 0.38 | 340.50 (287.40–413.48) | 0.29 | 331.50 (286.1 − 397.00) | 0.32 | 322.60 (272.00 − 400.05) | 0.51 | 0.249 |
| Lp(a), mg/L | 212.30 (104.80 − 417.00) | 1.54 | 214.40 (110.40–440.90) | 1.57 | 215.05 (109.75 − 415.45) | 1.56 | 206.40 (94.18 − 400.42) | 1.49 | 0.335 |
| ApoA1, g/L | 1.12 (1.00 − 1.24) | 0.19 | 1.11 (1.00–1.21) | 0.17 | 1.10 (0.98 − 1.24) | 0.20 | 1.14 (1.01 − 1.26) | 0.20 | 0.222 |
| ApoB, g/L | 0.82 (0.66 − 0.97) | 0.29 | 0.81 (0.64–0.94) | 0.28 | 0.81 (0.67 − 0.96) | 0.29 | 0.86 (0.69 − 1.01) | 0.28 | 0.013 |
| AP, U/L | 75.50 (63.00 − 90.25) | 0.31 | 58.00 (52.00–63.00) | 0.14 | 75.00 (71.00 − 80.00) | 0.07 | 98.00 (90.50 − 109.00) | 0.21 | < 0.001 |
| TyG index | 8.74 (8.39 − 9.20) | 0.07 | 8.67 (8.31–9.15) | 0.07 | 8.82 (8.39 − 9.16) | 0.07 | 8.79 (8.45 − 9.29) | 0.07 | 0.027 |
| TG/HDL ratio | 3.23 (2.22 − 4.63) | 0.74 | 3.15 (2.06–4.64) | 0.71 | 3.19 (2.27 − 4.60) | 0.74 | 3.31 (2.26 − 4.69) | 0.78 | 0.597 |
| Infarct related artery, n (%) | |||||||||
| LM ,n (%) | 7 (0.90) | – | 4 (1.57) | – | 1 (0.38) | – | 2 (0.78) | – | 0.529 |
| LAD, n (%) | 446 (57.62) | – | 138 (54.33) | – | 150 (57.03) | – | 158 (61.48) | – | 0.255 |
| LCX, n (%) | 138 (17.83) | – | 54 (21.26) | – | 44 (16.73) | – | 40 (15.56) | – | 0.206 |
| RCA, n (%) | 183 (23.64) | – | 58 (22.83) | – | 68 (25.86) | – | 57 (22.18) | – | 0.574 |
| Extent of coronary artery disease,n (%) | |||||||||
| 1–vessel, n (%) | 183 (23.64) | – | 52 (20.47) | – | 69 (26.24) | – | 62 (24.12) | – | 0.382 |
| 2–vessel, n (%) | 238 (30.75) | – | 75 (29.53) | – | 78 (29.66) | – | 85 (33.07) | – | |
| 3–vessel, n (%) | 353 (45.61) | – | 127 (50.00) | – | 116 (44.11) | – | 110 (42.80) | – | |
| Gensini score | 56.00 (38.00–88.00) | 0.77 | 62.00 (40.00–92.00) | 0.73 | 52.00 (36.00–84.00) | 0.80 | 57.50 (35.50–92.00) | 0.74 | 0.144 |
| Echocardiography | |||||||||
| LVEF, % | 56.00 (46.00–63.00) | 0.20 | 57.00 (46.75–63.00) | 0.20 | 56.00 (46.00–63.00) | 0.20 | 53.00 (45.00–63.00) | 0.22 | 0.179 |
| LVEF < 40%, n (%) | 78 (10.08) | – | 17 (6.69) | – | 26 (9.98) | – | 35 (13.62) | – | 0.034 |
| Prior medication | |||||||||
| Antiplatelets, n (%) | 23 (2.97) | – | 8 (3.15) | – | 5 (1.90) | – | 10 (3.89) | – | 0.401 |
| Beta–blocker, n (%) | 25 (3.23) | – | 11(4.33) | – | 8 (3.04) | – | 6 (2.34) | – | 0.433 |
| Calcium inhibitor, n (%) | 177(22.87) | – | 61(24.02) | – | 56 (21.29) | – | 60 (23.35) | – | 0.743 |
| ACEI, n (%) | 28 (36.18) | – | 12 (4.72) | – | 12 (4.56) | – | 4 (1.56) | – | 0.095 |
| Angiotensin II antagonist, n (%) | 40 (5.16) | – | 16 (6.30) | – | 13 (4.94) | – | 11 (4.28) | – | 0.576 |
| Diuretic, n (%) | 10 (1.29) | – | 5 (1.97) | – | 3 (1.14) | – | 2 (0.78) | – | 0.448 |
| Insulin, n (%) | 37 (4.78) | – | 15 (5.91) | – | 13 (4.94) | – | 9 (3.50) | – | 0.439 |
| Oral antidiabetic drug, n (%) | 91 (11.76) | – | 38 (14.96) | – | 23 (8.75) | – | 30 (11.67) | – | 0.090 |
| Statin, n (%) | 22 (2.84) | – | 11 (4.33) | – | 4 (1.52) | – | 7 (2.72) | – | 0.156 |
| Comorbidities | |||||||||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 28 (3.62) | – | 10 (3.94) | – | 14 (5.32) | – | 4 (1.56) | – | 0.067 |
| Ventricular tachycardia, n (%) | 9 (1.16) | – | 3 (1.18) | – | 4 (1.52) | – | 2 (0.78) | – | 0.847 |
| Heart arrest, n (%) | 8 (1.03) | – | 3 (1.18) | – | 4 (1.52) | – | 1 (0.39) | – | 0.504 |
| Pulmonary infection, n (%) | 37 (4.78) | – | 9 (3.54) | – | 14 (5.32) | – | 14 (5.45) | – | 0.528 |
| Hydropericardium, n (%) | 6 (0.78) | – | 1 (0.39) | – | 2 (0.76) | – | 3 (1.27) | – | 0.706 |
| Type of revascularization, n (%) | |||||||||
| PCI, n (%) | 621 (80.23) | – | 201 (79.13) | – | 221 (84.03) | – | 199 (77.43) | – | 0.145 |
| CABG, n (%) | 28 (3.62) | – | 12 (4.72) | – | 8 (3.04) | – | 8 (3.11) | – | 0.514 |
TyG triglyceride-glucose, TG/HDL-C ratio triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, COV coefficient of variation, STEMI ST-elevation myocardial infarction, WBC white blood cell, ACEI angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, Hb hemoglobin, CAD coronary artery disease, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, RHR resting heart rate, LM left main coronary artery, LAD left anterior descending artery, LCX left circumflex artery, RCA right coronary artery, FBG fasting blood glucose, LDL-C low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, TG triglycerides, TC total cholesterol, UA uric acid, Lp(a) lipoprotein (a), ApoA1 apolipoprotein A1 ApoB apolipoprotein B, BUN blood urea nitrogen, LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction, AP alkaline phosphatase, PCI percutaneous coronary intervention, CABG coronary artery bypass grafting.
Dates are presented as mean ± SD, medians with inter quartile ranges or percentage.