Table 1.
The characteristics of included studies.
| Study year | Age (yr) | Gender (male/female) | Course | Control group method | Test group method | BPS Dose | Treatment period | Outcome | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | C | ||||||||
| Huang, 2009 | 40.25 ± 3.63 | 26/24 | 8.32 ± 2.43 mo | Methylprednisolone + tacrolimus | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ①②③④ | |
| Li, 2021 | 50.34 ± 11.07 | 48.69 ± 11.85 | 67/47 | 2–16 mo | Tacrolimus | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ①③⑤⑥⑦ |
| Lin, 2019 | 51.2 ± 12.2 | 51.3 ± 12.8 | 71/49 | 3–14 mo | Tacrolimus + aspirin | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ①②③⑤ |
| Liu, 2022 | 43.68 ± 6.30 | 43.93 ± 6.22 | 69/55 | 7.64 ± 1.20 mo | Hormone + tacrolimus | + BPS | 40 µg 1 times/d | 2 wk | ①②③④⑤ |
| Peng, 2021 | 44.35 ± 6.97 | 43.66 ± 6.25 | 79/39 | 1–8 yr | Prednisone | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ①③④⑤ |
| Wang, 2018 | 49.32 ± 3.80 | 45.05 ± 4.02 | 60/26 | 3.82 ± 0.86 yr | Basic treatment + immunosuppressor | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 12 mo | ①②③⑤⑥⑦ |
| Wang, 2019 | 49.9 ± 9.2 | 49.8 ± 9.3 | 49/31 | 2–10 mo | Prednisone + tacrolimus; aspirin | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦ |
| Wang, 2020 | 43.58 ± 6.24 | 44.24 ± 7.02 | 78/38 | 4.05 ± 1.33 yr | Prednisone | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ①②③④⑤⑥⑦ |
| Wang, 2021 | 60.12 ± 2.84 | 60.21 ± 2.78 | 46/44 | 14.5 ± 3.1 mo | Methylprednisolone | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ②③④⑥⑦ |
| Xiao, 2022 | 63.85 ± 14.10 | 63.85 ± 14.10 | NA | 2.61 ± 0.72 yr | Prednisone | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 6 mo | ①②③④⑤ |
| Zhao, 2022 | 40.41 ± 10.03 | 42.03 ± 8.62 | 51/44 | 1–10 mo | Prednisone + methylprednisolone | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 3 mo | ①③④⑥⑦ |
| Zhu, 2022 | 66 ± 4 | 66 ± 4 | 75/52 | 5–15 mo | Tacrolimus | + BPS | 40 µg 3 times/d | 2 mo | ②③④⑥⑦ |
Outcomes: ① total effective rate, ② 24-h urinary protein, albumin, ③ Serum creatinine (Scr), ④ blood urea nitrogen (BUN), ⑤ serum albumin (ALB), ⑥ total cholesterol (TC), and ⑦ triglycerides (TG).
BPS = beraprost sodium, C = control group, T = treatment group.