Table 1.
Summary of basic characteristics of the included studies.
| First author (yr) | Sample size (male/female) | Age in yr | Randomization method | Treatment | Control | Frequency | PSQI scores | Location | Blinding status | Treatment duration | Outcome | Safety | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yuxueping (2019) | 28 (15/13) | 28 (12/16) | 71.3 ± 5.7/72.3 ± 4.8 | Random number table | AC | Estazolam | Per day | 14.82 ± 2.07/14.29 ± 2.67 | Guangdong | NA | 4 w | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Sunzhaoyuan (2010) | 40 (22/18) | 40 (19/21) | 74.32 ± 6.604/74.48 ± 6.687 | Not reported | AC | Estazolam | Per day | 13.02 ± 2.89/13.15 ± 2.957 | Tianjin | NA | 4 w | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Xuewenxion (2017) | 40 (17/23) | 40 (18/22) | 69.01 ± 2.15/69.02 ± 2.14 | Not reported | AC | Estazolam | 1 time, 2 d | NA | Jiangsu | NA | 2 m | Effective rate | Not reported |
| Lishude (2021) | 39 (17/22) | 38 (20/18) | 66.29 ± 4.96/65.62 ± 3.72 | Random number table | AC | Estazolam | 6 times per wk | 6.36 ± 3.85/8.71 ± 3.08 | Fujian | NA | 4 w | PSQI; effective rate | Y |
| Tanzhiwei (2020) | 47 (23/24) | 47 (25/22) | 70.03 ± 3.11/69.13 ± 6.84 | Not reported | AC | Oryzanol and lorazepam | Per day | 15.13 ± 3.08/15.06 ± 3.15 | Hunan | Double blinding | 4 w | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Wangxiaoqiu (2021) | 30 (13/17) | 30 (11/18) | 69 ± 4/69 ± 5 | Random number table | EA | Sham AC | 3 times per wk | 13.90 ± 2.86/14.24 ± 3.11 | Jiangsu | Single blinding | 4 w | PSQI | Y |
| Youxuyu (2019) | 77 (34/43) | 30 (12/18) | 69.5 ± 2/70.5 ± 3 | Random number table | AC | Estazolam | Per day | 15.6 ± 2.025/15.7 ± 1.878 | Zheijiang | NA | 1 m | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Zhengyi (2020) | 40 (18/22) | 40 (17/21) | 73.2 ± 3.3/72.2 ± 2.3 | Not reported | Moxibustion | Diazepam | Per day | 14.33 ± 2.43/14.12 ± 2.21 | Guangxi | NA | 20 d | PSQI | Not reported |
| Yangjingyi (2020) | 40 (22/18) | 40 (21/19) | 62–72/61–71 | Random number table | AC | Alprazolam | Per day | NA | Zheijiang | NA | 4 w | Effective rate | Not reported |
| Zhanghanxiao(2022) | 57 (25/32) | 59 (28/31) | 67.44 | Not reported | Moxibustion | Estazolam/clonazepam/eszopiclone | Per day | 8.95 ± 3.00/9.25 ± 2.83 | Fujian | NA | 20 d | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Chenjuan (2019) | 51 (30/ 21) | 49 (23/26) | 63 ± 4/62 ± 3 | Random number table | AC plus Chinese medicine | Chinese medicine | Per day | NA | Hebei | NA | 20 d | Effective rate | Not reported |
| Daimeizhu (2014) | 45 (23/22) | 45 (25/20) | 67.6 ± 6.4/69.5 ± 9.3 | Random number table | EA plus Chinese medicine | Chinese medicine | Per day | 16.75 ± 1.23/16.49 ± 1.36 | Hubei | NA | 4 w | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Liyuan (2022) | 31 (16/15) | 31 (17/14) | 73.2 ± 1.7/73.4 ± 1.5 | Not reported | EA plus Chinese medicine | Chinese medicine | 1 time, 2 d | 16.3 ± 2.4/16.7 ± 2.3 | Guangdong | NA | 3 w | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Maxinyu (2021) | 50 (26/24) | 50 (23/27) | 71.2 ± 7.9/70.9 ± 8.5 | Random toss | AC plus Chinese medicine | Chinese medicine | 1 time, 2 d | 13.27 ± 2.39/13.25 ± 2.41 | Beijing | NA | 4 w | Effective rate | Not reported |
| Niuqiyun (2021) | 30 (18/12) | 30 (20/10) | 84.64 ± 2.67/84.57 ± 2.61 | Not reported | AC plus estazolam | Estazolam | Per day | 16.09 ± 1.15/16.00 ± 1.13) | Henan | NA | 30 d | PSQI | Not reported |
| Wangjie (2020) | 80 (46/34) | 80 (39/41) | 64.03 ± 2.87/64.93 ± 3.28 | Not reported | AC plus psychological intervention | Psychological intervention | Per day | 13.06 ± 2.57/12.81 ± 2.77 | Shandong | NA | 40 d | PSQI | Not reported |
| Wangyuliang (2021) | 30 (14/16) | 30 (12/18) | 63.39 ± 4.732/64.38 ± 5.342 | Random number table | AC plus Chinese medicine | Chinese medicine | 2 times per day | 14.34 ± 1.753/14.64 ± 1.729 | Beijing | NA | 18 d | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
| Xuyanjie (2018) | 43 (13/30) | 43 (12/31) | 73.4 ± 11.6/74.5 ± 12.1 | Random number table | AC plus cognitive behavior | Cognitive behavior | 2 times, 1 wk | NA | Beijing | NA | 8 w | Effective rate | Not reported |
| Yeshulan (2007) | 30 (13/17) | 28 (10/18) | 68/65 | Not reported | AC plus Chinese medicine | Chinese medicine | Per day | NA | Beijing | NA | 30 d | Effective rate | Not reported |
| Liuli (2019) | 39 (17/22) | 39 (19/20) | 75.20 ± 4.38 | 75.18 ± 4.32 | AC plus estazolam and oryzanol | Estazolam and oryzanol | 5 times, 1 wk | NA | Yunnan | NA | 4 w | PSQI; effective rate | Not reported |
PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.