Table 1.
Row | Articles | Reporting | External validity | Internal validity-bias | Internal validity-confounding (selection bias) | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Sah et al. [ 26 ] | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 20 |
2 | Ren Hao [ 27 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
3 | Schrapf et al. [ 28 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
4 | Lee et al. [ 29 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
5 | Liu et al. [ 30 ] | 8 | 2 | 7 | 4 | 21 |
6 | Tou et al. [ 31 ] | 9 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 21 |
7 | Buric et al. [ 32 ] | 7 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 19 |
8 | Prakash et al. [ 17 ] | 7 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 19 |
9 | Acuna and David [ 33 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
10 | Tumer et al. [ 34 ] | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 20 |
11 | Lu et al. [ 35 ] | 8 | 2 | 5 | 4 | 19 |
12 | Phinyomark et al. [ 36 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
13 | Pobar et al. [ 37 ] | 7 | 1 | 6 | 4 | 19 |
14 | Novatchkov et al. [ 8 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
15 | Zhao et al. [ 38 ] | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 20 |
16 | Fischer et al. [ 13 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
17 | Eskofier et al. [ 7 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
18 | Eskofier et al. [ 12 ] | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 20 |
19 | Acikkar et al. [ 11 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
20 | Rozumalsk et al. [ 39 ] | 7 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 19 |
21 | Kim and Lee [ 40 ] | 7 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 19 |
22 | Silva et al. [ 41 ] | 9 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 21 |
23 | Xu et al. [ 42 ] | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 20 |
24 | Pretorius et al. [ 43 ] | 9 | 1 | 7 | 4 | 21 |
25 | Juang ang Jih-Gau [ 44 ] | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 20 |
26 | Lapham et al. [ 1 ] | 8 | 2 | 6 | 4 | 20 |