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. 2023 Oct 1;13(5):383–402. doi: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2305-1621

Table 1.

Studies quality assessment based on Downs and Black checklist

Row Articles Reporting External validity Internal validity-bias Internal validity-confounding (selection bias) Total
1 Sah et al. [ 26 ] 8 2 6 4 20
2 Ren Hao [ 27 ] 9 2 6 4 21
3 Schrapf et al. [ 28 ] 9 2 6 4 21
4 Lee et al. [ 29 ] 9 2 6 4 21
5 Liu et al. [ 30 ] 8 2 7 4 21
6 Tou et al. [ 31 ] 9 1 7 4 21
7 Buric et al. [ 32 ] 7 1 7 4 19
8 Prakash et al. [ 17 ] 7 1 7 4 19
9 Acuna and David [ 33 ] 9 2 6 4 21
10 Tumer et al. [ 34 ] 8 2 6 4 20
11 Lu et al. [ 35 ] 8 2 5 4 19
12 Phinyomark et al. [ 36 ] 9 2 6 4 21
13 Pobar et al. [ 37 ] 7 1 6 4 19
14 Novatchkov et al. [ 8 ] 9 2 6 4 21
15 Zhao et al. [ 38 ] 8 2 6 4 20
16 Fischer et al. [ 13 ] 9 2 6 4 21
17 Eskofier et al. [ 7 ] 9 2 6 4 21
18 Eskofier et al. [ 12 ] 8 2 6 4 20
19 Acikkar et al. [ 11 ] 9 2 6 4 21
20 Rozumalsk et al. [ 39 ] 7 1 7 4 19
21 Kim and Lee [ 40 ] 7 2 6 4 19
22 Silva et al. [ 41 ] 9 2 6 4 21
23 Xu et al. [ 42 ] 8 2 6 4 20
24 Pretorius et al. [ 43 ] 9 1 7 4 21
25 Juang ang Jih-Gau [ 44 ] 8 2 6 4 20
26 Lapham et al. [ 1 ] 8 2 6 4 20