Table 2.
Prediction performance of DERBY and DERBY+ model.
| Training cohort (N = 103) | Internal validation cohort (N = 65) | Histology cohort (N = 82) | External validation cohort (N = 102) | Negative validation cohort (N = 37) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DERBY model | |||||
| AUC (95% CI) | 0.92 (0.87–0.97) | 0.84 (0.74–0.93) | – | 0.77 (0.67–0.87) | 0.53 (0.34–0.73) |
| Sensitivity (95% CI) | 0.84 (0.69–0.93) | 0.67 (0.48–0.81) | – | 0.68 (0.54–0.80) | 0.31 (0.12–0.59) |
| Specificity (95% CI) | 0.80 (0.67–0.88) | 0.84 (0.66–0.94) | – | 0.80 (0.65–0.89) | 0.67 (0.43–0.85) |
| PPV (95% CI) | 0.75 (0.60–0.86) | 0.81 (0.61–0.93) | – | 0.78 (0.63–0.89) | 0.42 (0.16–0.71) |
| NPV (95% CI) | 0.87 (0.75–0.94) | 0.71 (0.54–0.84) | – | 0.70 (0.56–0.81) | 0.56 (0.35–0.75) |
| DERBY+ model | |||||
| AUC (95% CI) | – | – | 0.95 (0.91–1.00) | 0.83 (0.75–0.92) | 0.58 (0.39–0.76) |
| Sensitivity (95% CI) | – | – | 0.96 (0.85–0.99) | 0.80 (0.66–0.90) | 0.40 (0.17–0.67) |
| Specificity (95% CI) | – | – | 0.85 (0.68–0.94) | 0.77 (0.63–0.87) | 0.73 (0.50–0.88) |
| PPV (95% CI) | – | – | 0.90 (0.78–0.96) | 0.74 (0.59–0.85) | 0.50 (0.22–0.78) |
| NPV (95% CI) | – | – | 0.94 (0.77–0.99) | 0.83 (0.69–0.91) | 0.64 (0.42–0.81) |
Abbreviation: AUC, area under curve; PPV, positive predictive value; NPV, negative predictive value; CI, confidence interval.