Table 2.
Demographic information for the chronic pain study cohorts who participated in pilot testing of the Dolores chatbot app.
| Demographic variable | Total (n=59) | Adults (n=20) | Young adult (n=19) | Adolescents (n=20) | ||
| Gender, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Male | 26 (44) | 10 (50) | 10 (53) | 6 (30) | |
|
|
Female | 33 (56) | 10 (50) | 9 (47) | 14 (70) | |
| Age (years), mean (SD; range) | 32.88 (18.24; 10-76) | 54.6 (12.00; 38-76) | 28.79 (4.59; 21-35) | 15.05 (1.91; 10-18) | ||
| Country of birth, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Australia | 54 (92) | 16 (80) | 19 (100) | 19 (95) | |
|
|
Egypt | 1 (2) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
England | 1 (2) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
New Zealand | 1 (2) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
The Netherlands | 1 (2) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Germany | 1 (2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | |
| Languages spoken, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
English only | 54 (92) | 16 (80) | 19 (100) | 19 (95) | |
|
|
Multiple (including English) | 5 (9) | 4 (20) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | |
| Main language, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
English | 59 (98) | 19 (95) | 19 (100) | 20 (100) | |
|
|
Arabic | 1 (2) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Education level, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
University | 11 (19) | 6 (30) | 5 (46) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Diploma | 6 (10) | 4 (20) | 2 (11)) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Certificate | 13 (22) | 5 (25) | 6 (32) | 2 (10) | |
|
|
Secondary education | 20 (34) | 5 (25) | 6 (32) | 9 (45) | |
|
|
Primary education | 9 (15) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 9 (45) | |
| Coexisting medical conditions, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Dyslexia | 3 (5) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 2 (10) | |
|
|
Vision impairment | 2 (3) | 2 (10) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | |
|
|
Behavior or attention disorder | 4 (7) | 0 (0) | 2 (11) | 2 (10) | |
|
|
Autism spectrum disorder | 2 (3) | 0 (0) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | |
| Pain onset, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Injury at home | 3 (5) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | |
|
|
Injury at work or school | 9 (15) | 3 (15) | 4 (21) | 2 (10) | |
|
|
Injury in another setting | 8 (14) | 3 (15) | 4 (21) | 1 (5) | |
|
|
Road traffic crash | 5 (9) | 3 (15) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | |
|
|
Medical condition | 18 (31) | 8 (40) | 5 (26) | 5 (25) | |
|
|
After surgery | 5 (9) | 1 (5) | 2 (11) | 2 (10) | |
|
|
No obvious cause | 11 (19) | 1 (5) | 2 (11) | 8 (40) | |
| Pain duration (years), mean (SD; range) | 8.09 (8.09; 0.67-40) | 15.00 (12.26; 0.67-40) | 6.05 (5.51; 1-20.5) | 3.12 (3.09; 0.67-14.5) | ||
| Pain location, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Head or face | 12 (20) | 5 (25) | 2 (11) | 5 (25) | |
|
|
Lower back | 30 (51) | 12 (60) | 10 (53) | 8 (40) | |
|
|
Upper limb | 25 (42) | 9 (45) | 6 (32) | 10 (50) | |
|
|
Abdomen or groin | 15 (25) | 4 (20) | 4 (21) | 7 (35) | |
|
|
Hips | 17 (29) | 8 (40) | 5 (26) | 4 (20) | |
|
|
Knees | 15 (25) | 7 (35) | 3 (16) | 5 (25) | |
|
|
Neck | 23 (39) | 10 (50) | 5 (26) | 8 (40) | |
|
|
Upper back | 16 (27) | 3 (15) | 6 (32) | 7 (35) | |
|
|
Chest | 7 (12) | 2 (10) | 2 (11) | 3 (15) | |
|
|
Buttocks | 4 (7) | 3 (15) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Thighs | 7 (12) | 3 (15) | 2 (11) | 2 (10) | |
|
|
Calves, ankles, or feet | 12 (20) | 5 (25) | 3 (16) | 4 (20) | |
|
|
Total body | 2 (3) | 1 (5) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Confidence using apps, n (%) | ||||||
|
|
Not at all confident | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Slightly confident | 1 (2) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Moderately confident | 9 (15) | 8 (40) | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
|
|
Confident | 20 (34) | 8 (40) | 36.8 (7) | 5 (25) | |
|
|
Very confident | 29 (49) | 3 (15) | 11 (58) | 15 (75) | |
| Hours using smartphone, mean (SD; range) | 25.77 (18.52; 0-70)a | 20.58 (15.13; 2-56)b | 28.68 (18.88; 3-70) | 27.93 (20.84; 0-70) | ||
aOne adult nonrespondent, thus n=58.
bOne adult nonrespondent, thus n=19.