Table 1.

Key numbers and features of the considered toy and benchmark models

Model ID	${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{\theta }}$	${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{s}}$	${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{b}}$	${\mathit{n}}_{\mathit{\sigma }}$	Description	Reference
Toy	2	1	1	1	Conversion reaction	–
M1	13	3	–	–	EGF-AKT pathway	Fujita et al.37
M2	6	3	–	3	STAT5 dimerization	Boehm et al.38
M3	3	1	–	1	mRNA transfection	Leonhardt et al.39
M4	26	31	–	–	Gastric cancer signaling	Villaverde et al.40

The number of unknown model parameters $n_{\theta }$, unknown scaling parameters $n_s$, unknown offset parameters $n_b$, and unknown noise parameters $n_{\sigma }$, which are effectively sampled, are reported.