Table 3.
ELF-EMF's effects on cancer.
| References | In vitro/In vivo | Intervention description | Animal species | Main effect/Possible cause/ Mechanism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Barati et al. (2021) | In vivo | 10-Hz 100-mT ELF-EMF for 2 h daily over a period of 28 days | BALB/c mice with MC-4L2 tumors | The research revealed a significant augmentation of proinflammatory reactions alongside the inhibition of tumor growth. The phenomenon was partly caused by ROS accumulation and Ca2+ overload-induced necroptosis. |
| Fedrowitz and Löscher (2007) | In vivo | A 100 μT, 50 Hz EMF for 26 weeks | Fischer rats with breast cancer | A significant increase in the incidence of adenocarcinomas was detected. |
| Galloni and Marino (2000) | In vivo | A 50 Hz, 2 mT EMF | Mammary murine adenocarcinoma-bearing mice | No association was observed. |
| McLean et al. (2003) | In vivo | A 60 Hz, 2 mT EMF for 29 weeks | SENCAR mice | No association was observed in the incidence of both benign and malignant skin tumors. |
| Salim et al. (2008) | In vivo | 1 mT DC-MF (12 h/day) | SD rats with chemically induced colon cancer | The influence was neither carcinogenic nor cancer-promoting. |
| Soffritti and Giuliani (2019) | In vivo | Sinusoidal-50 Hz Magnetic Field | SD rats | No evidence showing the carcinogenic effects of ELF-EMF was detected. |