Table 1.
Clinical and Demographic Characteristics of Patients at the Time of CKD and Comparison Between Patients Who Discontinued Li (Discontinuer Group) Versus Who Continued Li (Continuer Group)
| Characteristics | Total Sample (N=38) | Li Discontinuers (N=18) | Li Continuers (N=20) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, median (IQR), y | 56 (48, 67) | 52 (48, 63) | 59 (48, 69) | 0.24 |
| Race | ||||
| • White, n (%) | 37 (97%) | 17 (94%) | 20 (100%) | 0.47 |
| • Other, n (%) | 1 (3%) | 1 (6%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Female, n (%) | 24 (63%) | 12 (67%) | 12 (60%) | 0.74 |
| Age at Li start | 0.87 | |||
| • Median (Q1, Q3) | 42.85 (28.42,51.90) | 41.77 (31.55,52.37) | 42.80(28.41,51.85) | |
| Total duration on lithium, y | 0.07 | |||
| • Median (Q1, Q3) | 14.57 (9.66,23.99) | 14.45 (9.46, 23.99) | 8.46 (6.27, 15.26) | |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Anxiety Disorders | 18 (47.4%) | 9 (50.0%) | 9 (45.0%) | 1.00 |
| ADHD | 3 (0.8%) | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (10.0%) | 1.00 |
| History of psychosis | 21 (55.2%) | 10 (55.6%) | 11 (55.0%) | 1.00 |
| Hypertension | 28 (73.7%) | 13 (72.2%) | 15 (75.0%) | 1.00 |
| Medications | ||||
| A) Anti-HTN Drugs, n (%) | ||||
| • ACEIs-ARBs | 6 (15.8%) | 3 (16.7%) | 3 (15.0%) | 1.00 |
| • ACEIs | 3 (7.9%) | 2 (11.1%) | 1 (5.0%) | 0.60 |
| • ARBs | 3 (7.9%) | 1 (5.6%) | 2 (10.0%) | 1.00 |
| • CCB | 11 (28.9%) | 6 (33.3%) | 5 (25.0%) | 0.72 |
| • Beta-Blockers | 16 (42.1%) | 9 (50.0%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0.51 |
| B) Diuretics, n (%) | ||||
| • Hydrochlorothiazide | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1.00 |
| • Furosemide | 6 (15.8%) | 4 (22.2%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0.40 |
| • Other Diuretics (like K+ sparing diuretics) | 1 (2.7%) | 1 (5.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.46 |
| C) Aspirin | 11 (28.9%) | 5 (27.8%) | 6 (30.0%) | 1.00 |
| D) Statins | 13 (34.2%) | 8 (44.4%) | 5 (25.0%) | 0.30 |
| Current number of Psychotropics in Median (Q1, Q3) | 3.00 (2.0, 4.0) | 3.0(3.0, 4.0) | 2.5 (1.0, 3.0) | 0.04 |
| • SSRI | 5 (13.2%) | 4 (22.2%) | 1 (5.0%) | 0.17 |
| • SNRI | 1 (2.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1.00 |
| • Bupropion | 2 (5.3%) | 2 (11.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.22 |
| • Buspirone | 1 (2.6%) | 1 (5.6%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.47 |
| Anti-Psychotics | 19 (50%) | 11 (61.1%) | 8 (40.0%) | 0.33 |
| MSACs | ||||
| • (Valproate/CBZ/OXC) | 7 (18.4%) | 5 (27.8%) | 2 (10.0%) | 0.22 |
| • Lamotrigine | 7 (18.4%) | 6 (33.3%) | 1 (5.0%) | 0.04 |
| • Gabapentin | 3 (7.9%) | 3 (16.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.09 |
| Stimulants | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (5.6%) | 1 (5.0%) | 1.0 |
| Benzodiazepines | 18 (47.4%) | 11 (61.1%) | 7 (35.0%) | 0.19 |
| Z drugs | 4 (10.5%) | 2 (11.1%) | 2 (10.0%) | 1.00 |
| Creatinine, Median (IQR) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.41) | 1.30 (1.10, 1.80) | 1.25 (1.05, 1.41) | 0.28 |
| eGFR, Median (IQR) | 51.9 (47.4, 59.8) | 50.9 (45.3, 54.8) | 57.2 (48.0, 60.7) | 0.16 |
Appendix: ACEIs- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ADHD, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; ARB- Angiotensin II receptor blockers; CCB- Calcium channel blockers; CBZ- Carbamazepine; MSACs – Mood stabilizing anticonvulsants, OXC- Oxcarbazepine, SSRI- Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor, SNRI- Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor.