Disease causation	Disease prevention	Biomedical innovation
Role and opportunity	Better understand the etiology of diseases Forecast future disease burdens	Inform public health policy and disease prevention efforts	Accelerate transformational therapeutic innovation
Examples	Evolutionary and developmental mismatches, e.g. • obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease • allergy • microbiome change • mental health Infectious disease epidemiology, e.g. • evolution in virulence and transmissibility (including COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 and future pandemics) Life history trait evolution • growth, reproduction, and survivorship dynamics Human behavior, e.g. • inclusive fitness vs survival trade-offs		Cancer, e.g., targeting cancer resistance evolution • adaptive approaches • extinction approaches
			Infectious diseases, e.g., targeting antimicrobial resistance evolution • anti-antibiotics • phage therapy