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. 2023 Apr 26;19(12):1155–1161. doi: 10.1007/s12519-023-00728-4

Table 3.

Crude and adjusted odds ratios for adverse neonatal outcomes in groups with interpregnancy intervals

 Variables  Model 1a crude OR (95% CI) Model 2b adjusted OR (95% CI) Model 3c adjusted OR (95% CI) Model 4d adjusted OR (95% CI)
Preterm birth
 IPI < 12 mon 1.79 (1.37–2.35) 1.65 (1.25–2.19) 1.51 (1.13–2.01) 1.51 (1.13–2.02)
 IPI 12–23 mon 1.20 (0.98–1.47) 1.13 (0.92–1.39) 1.06 (0.85–1.31) 1.06 (0.85–1.31)
 IPI 24–59 mon Reference Reference Reference Reference
 IPI ≥ 60 mon 1.26 (1.10–1.45) 1.15 (1.00–1.34) 1.27 (1.07–1.50) 1.24 (1.04–1.47)
Low birth weight
 IPI < 12 mon 1.96 (1.45–2.64) 1.67 (1.22–2.28) 1.50 (1.09–2.07) 1.52 (1.10–2.11)
 IPI 12–23 mon 1.20 (0.95–1.52) 1.08 (0.85–1.37) 1.00 (0.78–1.27) 1.00 (0.78–1.28)
 IPI 24–59 mon Reference Reference Reference Reference
 IPI ≥ 60 mon 1.29 (1.10–1.51) 1.19 (1.00–1.41) 1.32 (1.08–1.61) 1.29 (1.05–1.58)
Small for gestation age
 IPI < 12 mon 1.45 (0.93–2.27) 1.23 (0.78–1.93) 1.13 (0.71–1.79) 1.15 (0.71–1.84)
 IPI 12–23 mon 0.92 (0.65–1.31) 0.83 (0.59–1.19) 0.78 (0.54–1.12) 0.77 (0.53–1.11)
 IPI 24–59 mon Reference Reference Reference Reference
 IPI ≥ 60 mon 1.16 (0.93–1.45) 1.16 (0.92–1.47) 1.21 (0.92–1.59) 1.18 (0.89–1.56)
1-min Apgar score ≤ 7
 IPI < 12 mon 2.41 (1.56–3.71) 2.13 (1.36–3.32) 1.93 (1.23–3.04) 1.93 (1.22–3.04)
 IPI 12–23 mon 1.21 (0.83–1.76) 1.12 (0.76–1.63) 1.03 (0.70–1.52) 1.03 (0.70–1.52)
 IPI 24–59 mon Reference Reference Reference Reference
 IPI ≥ 60 mon 1.31 (1.02–1.70) 1.26 (0.97–1.65) 1.46 (1.07–1.98) 1.42 (1.04–1.94)

Model 1: crude OR

Model 2: adjusted for maternal age at first delivery, gravidity, parity, BMI at admission for delivery, last cesarean section, and previous abortion history

Model 3: adjusted for maternal age at first delivery, gravidity, parity, BMI at admission for delivery, last cesarean section, previous abortion history, and maternal age at current delivery

Model 4: adjusted for maternal age at first delivery, gravidity, parity, BMI at admission for delivery, last cesarean section, previous abortion history, gestational diabetes mellitus, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and maternal age at current delivery

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, IPI interpregnancy intervals, BMI body mass index