Table 3.
Univariate associations of SDM score with patient, surrogate, and clinician characteristics (adjusted for random center effect, except where noted)
| Characteristic | Mean (Std Error) or β (Std Error) | p value |
|---|---|---|
| Patient | ||
| Age in years | − 0.005 (0.02) | 0.763 |
| Sex | 0.472 | |
| Female | 6.06 (0.59) | |
| Male | 6.44 (0.57) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.409 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 6.15 (0.49) | |
| Hispanic | 7.55 (1.01) | |
| Asian | 7.09 (0.98) | |
| Black | 6.12 (1.62) | |
| Diagnosis | 0.188 | |
| Traumatic brain injury | 5.63 (0.57) | |
| Acute ischemic stroke | 6.77 (0.58) | |
| Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage | 6.47 (0.77) | |
| Intracerebral hemorrhage | 7.69 (0.79) | |
| Other | 5.89 (0.93) | |
| Surrogate | ||
| Education | 0.728 | |
| ≤ high school | 6.16 (0.69) | |
| Any college | 6.16 (0.63) | |
| Post-college | 6.79 (0.84) | |
| Conflict with clinical team (a) | 0.312 | |
| 1 | 6.31 (0.39) | |
| 2 | 7.35 (0.56) | |
| 3–4 | 6.33 (1.33) | |
| Trust in clinical team | 0.759 | |
| 1 | 6.73 (0.84) | |
| 2 | 5.94 (1.20) | |
| 3 | 6.18 (0.72) | |
| 4 | 6.88 (0.76) | |
| Clinician | ||
| Age | − 0.08 (0.03) | 0.012 |
| Years in practice | − 0.07 (0.03) | 0.019 |
| Attending | 0.841 | |
| No | 6.36 (0.69) | |
| Yes | 6.23 (0.56) | |
| Sex | 0.566 | |
| Female | 6.48 (0.61) | |
| Male | 6.16 (0.53) | |
| Race/ethnicity | 0.772 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 6.39 (0.49) | |
| Hispanic | 6.42 (1.38) | |
| Asian | 5.78 (0.87) | |
| Black | 5.07 (1.67) | |
| Specialty | 0.034 | |
| Neurocritical care | 6.22 (0.78) | |
| Medical/surgery critical care | 7.69 (0.82) | |
| Internal Medicine | 6.29 (0.85) | |
| Trauma surgery | 3.62 (1.62) | |
| Other | 4.77 (0.76) | |
| Perception of conflict with family | 0.925 | |
| 1 | 6.15 (0.52) | |
| 2 | 6.16 (0.78) | |
| 3 | 6.74 (0.89) | |
| 4 | 6.23 (1.38) | |
| Clinician-surrogate prognostic discordance | ||
| Survival of hospitalization (b) | 0.028 | |
| Discordant | 6.90 (0.61) | |
| Concordant | 5.48 (0.66) | |
| 6-month independence (c) | 0.156 | |
| Discordant | 5.84 (0.54) | |
| Concordant | 6.78 (0.49) |
(a)Not adjusted for random center effect, as estimated random effect variance was 0
(b)Missing for 20 meetings
(c)Missing for 18 meetings