. 2023 Sep 15;4(10):101198. doi: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101198

Table 1.

Summary of reported liquid biopsy-based analytical techniques in brain, breast, lung, colon, and ovarian cancers

Cancer	Biofluid	Analyte	Potential analytical techniques	Reference
Brain	plasma CSF	EVs ctDNA CTCs	ddPCR RT-PCR methylation-based PCR chip-based proteomic analysis CTC-iCHIP microfluidics density gradient centrifugation targeted sequencing deep sequencing NGS mass spectrometry imaging flow cytometry flow cytometry microfluidic nuclear magnetic resonance (μNMR) assay ELISA	Figueroa, Lavon, Chen, Batool, Mouliere, Müller, Sullivan, Gao, Krol, Akers et al.⁶^,¹⁹^,⁴⁰^,⁴¹^,⁴²^,⁴³^,⁴⁴^,⁴⁵^,⁴⁶^,⁴⁷
Breast	plasma	ctDNA CTCs cfmiRNA	BEAMing ddPCR qRT-PCR TEC-seq personalized and ultra-deep sequencing large NGS panels nanotube-CTC chip CTC-iChip microarray	Bettegowda, Phallen, Garcia-Murillas, Riva, Asaga, Roth, Coombes, Zhang, Kwan, Matamala, Hamam et al.⁹^,²³^,⁴⁸^,⁴⁹^,⁵⁰^,⁵¹^,⁵²^,⁵³^,⁵⁴^,⁵⁵^,⁵⁶
Lung	plasma pleural fluid	EVs CTCs ctDNA miRNA	PCR qRT-PCR ARMS-PCR CAPP-seq EFIRM NGS methylation-specific RT-PCR ISET CellSearch nano-quantum dots microarray	Zhao, Uchida, Wan, Wei, Newman, Guo, Chen, Ponomaryova, Powrózek, Konecny, Powrózek, Ren, Allard, Tanaka, Hofman, Hofman, Hofman, Ilie, Dorsey, Heegaard, Sozzi, Shen, Wang, Montani, Xing, Wang Li, Fan, Razzak et al.⁵⁷^,⁵⁸^,⁵⁹^,⁶⁰^,⁶¹^,⁶²^,⁶³^,⁶⁴^,⁶⁵^,⁶⁶^,⁶⁷^,⁶⁸^,⁶⁹^,⁷⁰^,⁷¹^,⁷²^,⁷³^,⁷⁴^,⁷⁵^,⁷⁶^,⁷⁷^,⁷⁸^,⁷⁹^,⁸⁰^,⁸¹^,⁸²^,⁸³^,⁸⁴^,⁸⁵
Colon	plasma serum saliva	ctDNA CTCs EV RNA EV proteins TEPs	CellMax biomimetic platform (CMx) CellSearch Safe-SeqS NGS digital PCR (BEAMing) ddPCR qPCR ALU-qPCR electrochemical sensing	Tsai, Bork, Tsai, Musella, Krebs, Tie, Sun, Tie, Tie, Grasselli, Khan, Sun et al.⁸⁶^,⁸⁷^,⁸⁸^,⁸⁹^,⁹⁰^,⁹¹^,⁹²^,⁹³^,⁹⁴^,⁹⁵^,⁹⁶^,⁹⁷
Ovarian	–	CTCs ctDNA EVs	immunomagnetic bead capture microfluidic isolation and immunofluorescent staining CellSearch methylation-specific PCR microarray reduced representation bisulfite sequencing targeted deep sequencing whole-genome sequencing pyrosequencing qPCR nanoparticle tracking analysis nanoplasmonics	Taylor, Hu, Liu, Nelson, Kim, Jaiswal, Salvi, Mari, Bronkhorst, Chen, Yokoi, Elias, Kim et al.⁹⁸^,⁹⁹^,¹⁰⁰^,¹⁰¹^,¹⁰²^,¹⁰³^,¹⁰⁴^,¹⁰⁵^,¹⁰⁶^,¹⁰⁷^,¹⁰⁸^,¹⁰⁹^,¹¹⁰

Abbreviations: NGS, next-generation sequencing; cfmiRNA, circulating-free miRNA; TEC-seq, targeted error correction sequencing; ARMS-PCR, amplification refractory mutation system-based PCR; CAPP-seq, cancer personalized profiling by deep sequencing; EFIRM, electric field-induced release and management; ISET, isolation by size of epithelial tumor cell; TEP, tumor-educated platelets.