Table 1.

The 11 LMA elements coded in the BoME dataset

	LMA element	LMA category	Description
Sadness	passive weight	effort	lack of active attitude toward weight, resulting in sagging, heaviness, limpness, or dropping
	arms-to-upper-body	body	hands or arms touching any part of the upper body (head, neck, shoulders, or chest)
	sink	shape	shortening of the torso and head and letting the center of gravity drop downward, so the torso is convex on the front
	head-drop	body	releasing the weight of the head forward and downward, using the quality of passive weight; dropping the head down
Happiness	jump	body	any type of jumping
	rhythmicity	phrasing	rhythmic repetition of any aspect of the movement, like bouncing, rocking, bobbing, twisting, from side to side, etc.
	spread	shape	when the mover opens his body to become wider
	free flow	effort	lessening movement control, moving like you “go with the flow”
	light weight	effort	moving with a sense of lightness and buoyancy of the body or its parts; gentle or delicate movement with very little pressure and a sense of letting go upward
	up and risea	space/shape	up means going in the upward direction in the allocentric space. Rise means raising the chest up by lengthening the torso
	rotation	space	rotating a body part, or turning the entire body around itself in space, like in a Sufi dance

Psychological studies indicate that the first four elements are associated with sadness and the rest with happiness.

^aUp and rise are two elements within the space and shape categories, respectively. We follow Shafir et al.²⁴ and Melzer et al.²⁵ to merge them into one element because these movements are affined, often occurring together.