Table 1.
Baseline Recipient, Donor, and Transplant Characteristics Stratified by Post-Transplant Dialysis Requirement
| No dialysis (n = 6,255) | Post-transplant dialysis (n = 968) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 57 (46-63) | 57 (48-64) | 0.095 |
| Female | 1,729 (27.6%) | 258 (26.7%) | 0.52 |
| Race | 0.003 | ||
| White | 3,893 (62.6%) | 659 (68.4%) | |
| Black | 1,466 (23.6%) | 196 (20.3%) | |
| Hispanic | 608 (9.8%) | 75 (7.8%) | |
| Asian | 225 (3.6%) | 26 (2.7%) | |
| Other | 28 (0.5%) | 8 (0.8%) | |
| Missing | 35 (0.6%) | 4 (0.4%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.58 ± 4.94 | 28.91 ± 4.84 | <0.001 |
| Recipient blood type | 0.017 | ||
| A | 2,469 (39.5%) | 403 (41.6%) | |
| AB | 306 (4.9%) | 60 (6.2%) | |
| B | 997 (15.9%) | 121 (12.5%) | |
| O | 2,483 (39.7%) | 384 (39.7%) | |
| Heart failure etiology | <0.001 | ||
| Non-Ischemic | 3,530 (56.4%) | 487 (50.3%) | |
| Ischemic | 1,760 (28.1%) | 272 (28.1%) | |
| Congenital | 204 (3.3%) | 67 (6.9%) | |
| Restrictive | 278 (4.4%) | 48 (5.0%) | |
| Valvular | 54 (0.9%) | 18 (1.9%) | |
| Hypertrophic | 8 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
| Other | 199 (3.2%) | 43 (4.4%) | |
| Missing | 222 (3.5%) | 32 (3.3%) | |
| Prior sternotomy and/or cardiac surgery | 2,606 (41.7%) | 496 (51.2%) | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1,668 (26.7%) | 287 (29.6%) | 0.053 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 0.94 ± 1.52 | 1.30 ± 2.61 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 72.32 ± 34.83 | 65.27 ± 78.84 | <0.001 |
| Positive CMV serology | 3,390 (54.2%) | 519 (53.6%) | 0.74 |
| Pretransplant infection | 622 (10.0%) | 122 (12.7%) | 0.010 |
| Blood transfusion while on waitlist | 766 (12.3%) | 172 (17.9%) | <0.001 |
| Pretransplant mechanical ventilation | 101 (1.6%) | 40 (4.1%) | <0.001 |
| Intravenous inotropes | 2,433 (38.9%) | 355 (36.7%) | 0.19 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 1,797 (28.7%) | 257 (26.5%) | 0.16 |
| ECMO | 265 (4.2%) | 80 (8.3%) | <0.001 |
| VAD support | 0.44 | ||
| None | 3,983 (63.7%) | 595 (61.5%) | |
| LVAD | 2,135 (34.1%) | 349 (36.1%) | |
| RVAD | 22 (0.4%) | 3 (0.3%) | |
| TAH | 24 (0.4%) | 2 (0.2%) | |
| LVAD + RVAD | 91 (1.5%) | 19 (2.0%) | |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mm Hg) | 26.91 ± 10.11 | 27.57 ± 10.05 | 0.067 |
| Mean capillary wedge pressure (mm Hg) | 17.70 ± 8.76 | 18.57 ± 8.64 | 0.006 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (Woods units) | 2.39 ± 4.50 | 2.23 ± 1.71 | 0.29 |
| Trans-pulmonary gradient (mm Hg) | 9.14 ± 5.63 | 9.02 ± 5.84 | 0.55 |
| Donor characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 32 (24-40) | 32 (24-40) | 0.95 |
| Female | 1,777 (28.4%) | 284 (29.3%) | 0.55 |
| Race | 0.90 | ||
| White | 3,956 (63.2%) | 628 (64.9%) | |
| Black | 1,026 (16.4%) | 152 (15.7%) | |
| Asian | 1,079 (17.3%) | 159 (16.4%) | |
| Hispanic | 101 (1.6%) | 16 (1.7%) | |
| Other | 93 (1.5%) | 13 (1.3%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 27.93 ± 6.25 | 28.22 ± 6.37 | 0.18 |
| Blood type | 0.16 | ||
| A | 2,262 (36.2%) | 380 (39.3%) | |
| AB | 64 (1.0%) | 7 (0.7%) | |
| B | 707 (11.3%) | 94 (9.7%) | |
| O | 3,222 (51.5%) | 487 (50.3%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 230 (3.7%) | 47 (4.9%) | 0.077 |
| Hypertension | 2,179 (34.9%) | 325 (33.6%) | 0.44 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.67 ± 1.77 | 1.65 ± 1.77 | 0.75 |
| Graft LVEF <50% | 82 (1.3%) | 19 (2.0%) | 0.11 |
| Positive CMV serology | 3,870 (62.1%) | 577 (60.0%) | 0.20 |
| Hepatitis C | 757 (12.1%) | 98 (10.1%) | 0.076 |
| Matching and transplant characteristics | |||
| Sex matched | 4,899 (78.3%) | 788 (81.4%) | 0.029 |
| Race matched | 3,016 (48.2%) | 525 (54.2%) | <0.001 |
| HLA matched (≤3 loci mismatch) | 819 (13.1%) | 114 (11.8%) | 0.26 |
| ABO matched | 5,300 (84.7%) | 815 (84.2%) | 0.67 |
| CMV matched | 3,296 (52.9%) | 494 (51.4%) | 0.36 |
| Waitlist time (days) | 34 (9-186) | 35 (8-221.5) | 0.97 |
| Donor distance to transplanting center (nautical miles) | 222 (84-402) | 243.5 (97.5-406) | 0.078 |
| Graft cold ischemic time (hours) | 3.4 (2.8-4.0) | 3.5 (3.0-4.1) | <0.001 |
| Immunosuppression | |||
| Induction regimen | <0.001 | ||
| ATGAM | 94 (2.0%) | 25 (3.3%) | |
| Thymoglobulin | 1,054 (22.0%) | 185 (24.5%) | |
| Basiliximab | 1,517 (31.6%) | 294 (38.9%) | |
| Steroids only | 2,007 (41.8%) | 229 (30.3%) | |
| Other | 128 (2.7%) | 23 (3.0%) | |
| Missing | 1,455 (23.3%) | 212 (21.9%) | |
| Components of initial maintenance regimen | |||
| Steroids | 5,724 (91.5%) | 871 (90.0%) | 0.12 |
| Tacrolimus | 6,012 (96.1%) | 853 (88.1%) | <0.001 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 5,515 (88.2%) | 767 (79.2%) | <0.001 |
| Mycophenolic acid | 574 (9.2%) | 83 (8.6%) | 0.54 |
| Cyclosporin | 40 (0.6%) | 20 (2.1%) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; TAH, total artificial heart; VAD, ventricular assist device.