Table 3.
Baseline Recipient, Donor, and Transplant Characteristics Stratified by Post-Transplant Dialysis Requirement in Propensity Score-Matched Cohorts
| No dialysis (n = 822) | Post-transplant dialysis (n = 822) | SMD | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Recipient characteristics | |||
| Recipient age (years) | 57 (49-64) | 57 (48-64) | 0.003 |
| Female | 226 (27.5%) | 225 (27.4%) | 0.003 |
| Race | 0.002 | ||
| White | 569 (69.2%) | 572 (69.6%) | |
| Black | 166 (20.2%) | 164 (20.0%) | |
| Hispanic | 65 (7.9%) | 63 (7.7%) | |
| Asian | 22 (2.7%) | 19 (2.3%) | |
| Other | 0 (0.0%) | 4 (0.5%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.81 ± 4.90 | 28.90 ± 4.77 | 0.019 |
| Recipient blood type | 0.002 | ||
| A | 340 (41.4%) | 339 (41.2%) | |
| AB | 38 (4.6%) | 48 (5.8%) | |
| B | 125 (15.2%) | 106 (12.9%) | |
| O | 319 (38.8%) | 329 (40.0%) | |
| Heart failure etiology | 0.001 | ||
| Nonischemic | 418 (50.9%) | 419 (51.0%) | |
| Ischemic | 255 (31.0%) | 226 (27.5%) | |
| Congenital | 27 (3.3%) | 52 (6.3%) | |
| Restrictive | 33 (4.0%) | 43 (5.2%) | |
| Valvular | 14 (1.7%) | 13 (1.6%) | |
| Hypertrophic | 1 (0.1%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
| Other | 35 (4.3%) | 39 (4.7%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 242 (29.4%) | 252 (30.7%) | 0.027 |
| Total bilirubin (mg/dL) | 1.07 ± 2.05 | 1.16 ± 2.15 | 0.040 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 62.81 ± 25.62 | 61.31 ± 31.97 | 0.052 |
| Prior sternotomy and/or cardiac surgery | 437 (53.2%) | 413 (50.2%) | 0.058 |
| Positive CMV serology | 451 (54.9%) | 436 (53.0%) | 0.037 |
| Pretransplant infection | 85 (10.3%) | 94 (11.4%) | 0.035 |
| Blood transfusion while on waitlist | 135 (16.4%) | 135 (16.4%) | <0.001 |
| Pretransplant mechanical ventilation | 25 (3.0%) | 21 (2.6%) | 0.029 |
| Intravenous inotropes | 298 (36.3%) | 293 (35.6%) | 0.013 |
| Intra-aortic balloon pump | 232 (28.2%) | 224 (27.3%) | 0.022 |
| ECMO | 56 (6.8%) | 46 (5.6%) | 0.050 |
| Ventricular assist device | 0.002 | ||
| None | 504 (61.3%) | 502 (61.1%) | |
| LVAD | 300 (36.5%) | 302 (36.7%) | |
| RVAD | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (0.2%) | |
| TAH | 2 (0.2%) | 1 (0.1%) | |
| LVAD + RVAD | 16 (1.9%) | 15 (1.8%) | |
| Mean pulmonary artery pressure (mm Hg) | 28.04 ± 10.31 | 27.64 ± 10.06 | 0.039 |
| Mean capillary wedge pressure (mm Hg) | 18.95 ± 8.75 | 18.51 ± 8.58 | 0.051 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance (Woods units) | 2.25 ± 1.81 | 2.25 ± 1.71 | 0.005 |
| Trans-pulmonary gradient (mm Hg) | 9.09 ± 6.15 | 9.13 ± 5.78 | 0.006 |
| Donor characteristics | |||
| Age (years) | 32 (25-40) | 32 (24-40) | 0.013 |
| Female | 257 (31.3%) | 244 (29.7%) | 0.034 |
| Race | 0.001 | ||
| White | 539 (65.6%) | 541 (65.8%) | |
| Black | 129 (15.7%) | 126 (15.3%) | |
| Asian | 131 (15.9%) | 131 (15.9%) | |
| Hispanic | 10 (1.2%) | 12 (1.5%) | |
| Other | 13 (1.6%) | 12 (1.5%) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.03 ± 5.73 | 28.21 ± 6.29 | 0.029 |
| Blood type | 0.012 | ||
| A | 320 (38.9%) | 323 (39.3%) | |
| AB | 7 (0.9%) | 7 (0.9%) | |
| B | 75 (9.1%) | 80 (9.7%) | |
| O | 420 (51.1%) | 412 (50.1%) | |
| Diabetes mellitus | 47 (5.7%) | 39 (4.7%) | 0.044 |
| Hypertension | 286 (34.8%) | 284 (34.5%) | 0.005 |
| Graft LVEF <50% | 16 (1.9%) | 17 (2.1%) | 0.009 |
| Positive CMV serology | 495 (60.2%) | 492 (59.9%) | 0.007 |
| Hepatitis C | 93 (11.3%) | 88 (10.7%) | 0.019 |
| Matching and transplant characteristics | |||
| Sex matched | 663 (80.7%) | 673 (81.9%) | 0.031 |
| Race matched | 460 (56.0%) | 451 (54.9%) | 0.022 |
| HLA matched (≤3 loci mismatch) | 95 (11.6%) | 97 (11.8%) | 0.008 |
| ABO matched | 691 (84.1%) | 700 (85.2%) | 0.30 |
| CMV matched | 424 (51.6%) | 426 (51.8%) | 0.005 |
| Waitlist time (days) | 37 (10-236) | 38.5 (9-246) | 0.002 |
| Donor distance to transplanting center (nautical miles) | 231.5 (97-414) | 240 (98-406) | 0.008 |
| Graft cold ischemic time (hours) | 3.5 (3.0-4.1) | 3.5 (3.0-4.1) | 0.029 |
| Immunosuppression | |||
| Induction regimen | <0.001 | ||
| ATGAM | 7 (1.1%) | 23 (3.6%) | |
| Thymoglobulin | 140 (22.4%) | 144 (22.6%) | |
| Basiliximab | 196 (31.3%) | 259 (40.6%) | |
| Steroids only | 267 (42.7%) | 193 (30.3%) | |
| Other | 16 (2.6%) | 19 (3.0%) | |
| Missing | 196 (23.8%) | 184 (22.4%) | |
| Components of initial maintenance regimen | |||
| Steroids | 749 (91.1%) | 745 (90.6%) | 0.73 |
| Tacrolimus | 784 (95.4%) | 723 (88.0%) | <0.001 |
| Mycophenolate mofetil | 718 (87.3%) | 648 (78.8%) | <0.001 |
| Mycophenolic acid | 73 (8.9%) | 75 (9.1%) | 0.86 |
| Cyclosporin | 8 (1.0%) | 19 (2.3%) | 0.033 |
Abbreviations: CMV, cytomegalovirus; ECMO, Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HLA, human leukocyte antigen; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RVAD, right ventricular assist device; SMD, standardized mean difference; TAH, total artificial heart; VAD, ventricular assist device.