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. 2023 Aug 8;3(5):389–417. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomedchemau.3c00021

Table 4. An Overview of the Nanorelated Materials Developed Used in Imaging Applications and Corresponding References.

NP type (abbreviated name from state-of-the-art) Detection mode In vitro/in vivo applications Reference
PMAO-(β-NaY0.78Yb0.2Er0.02F4)-Bs:Bn-scFc4D5 Fluorescence/optical imaging Detecting early stage breast cancer (164)
Cy5.5-substrate/AuNP Fluorescence/optical imaging Detecting protease activity (165)
Cy5.5-DEVD-DOPAK/AuNP Fluorescence/optical imaging Testing caspase-3 to identify apoptosis activity in cells (166)
PLNP(Zn1.1Ga1.8Ge0.1O4:Cr3+)-CuS-RGD Fluorescence/optical imaging Detecting tumor and guiding therapy (167)
DNAzymes(Zn-Enz)/AuNP-FAM/BHQ-1, DNAzymes(Cu-Enz)/AuNP-Cy5/BHQ-2 Fluorescence/optical imaging Tracking ion of Zn and Cu in alive cell (168)
CNP(Mtx-Asp-FITC) Fluorescence/optical imaging Monitoring therapeutic drug delivery (169)
Cy7.5-INCeRT Fluorescence/optical imaging Monitoring drug diffusion (170)
QD710-Cy7-PEGylated lipids Fluorescence/optical imaging Monitoring NP accumulation and dissociation kinetics in tumor (171)
QD710-Dendron/RGD (InP/ZnS core/shell QDs) Fluorescence/optical imaging Targeted imaging tumor cells (172)
Quantum Dots Fluorescence/optical imaging Preclinical imaging (173)
Cationic oligofluorene substrated POSS Ethidium bromide test Imaging double-stranded DNA (174)
Perylenediimide-containing polysiloxane core and silica shell Perylenediimide toxicity Detecting nanotoxicity in living cells (175)
AB3-UCNP(NaYF4:Yb/Tm/Er)-RB/KE108 Up-Converting NP celular imaging Monitoring cellular uptake of nanoparticles and combined with therapy (176)
Au@IR-pHPMA IR Detecting lymph node (177)
Gadolinium nanostructure polymers, liposomes, inorganic nanoparticles MRI imaging Preclinical (178)
Superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles coated with dextran MRI imaging Clinical use; FDA Approved (Feridex/Endorem) (179)
Bismuth sulfide (Bi2S3) nanoparticles CT scan Preclinical (180)
Iodinated liposomal carriers, inorganic nanostructures CT scan Preclinical (181)
Gold particles CT scan Preclinical (182)
Alpha(nu) beta(3)-Gd (paramagnetic particle) MRI imaging Imaging angiogenesis (183)
Liposomal gadolinium MRI imaging Imaging placenta as blood-pool contrast (184)
Her2/neu-Oleosin-30G (Micelles) MRI imaging Imaging target cells (185)
G4.5-Gd2O3-PEG MRI imaging New T1/T2MRI contrast agent (186)
SPIO MRI imaging Tracking GFP gene marker (187)
rHDL-Gd MRI imaging Imaging and characterizing atherosclerotic plaques (188)
RBC encapsulated iron particles MRI imaging Blood-pool contrast with longer lifetime (189)
USPIO-PEI MRI imaging Determining nanoparticle vehicle unpackaging for gene (190)
PEGMnCaP NPs MRI imaging PH-activatable contrast in cancer (191)
Mn-nanotexaphyrin MRI imaging Imaging lymph node (192)
Micelles with PTX and SPIO MRI imaging Delivering drug and MRI imaging (193)
TF-biotinylated perfluocarbon-(Gd-DTPA-BOA)@(doxorubicin/paclitaxel) MRI imaging Evaluating and quantifying drug delivery system for vascular restenosis (194)
FibPep-ION-Micelles MRI imaging Detecting and imaging thrombus (195)
P-selectin-MNP(iron oxide)-PBP MRI imaging Imaging poststroke neuroinflammation (196)
Mn-SPIO micella MRI imaging High power liver imaging contrast (197)
TMADM-03 MRI imaging Imaging pancreatic islet graft (198)
DHCA functioned IONP labeled hMSCs MRI imaging Imaging and tracking stem cells (199)
TCL-SPION-Apt MRI imaging Imaging prostate cancer cells and chemotherapy (200)
18F-labeled DBCO-PEGylated MSN PET Imaging tumor (201)
125/124I-labeled anti-ICAM-1/PVPh-NP PET Detecting pulmonary inflammation (202)
64Cu labeled IT-101 PET Monitoring pharmacokinetics and tumor dynamics (203)
64Cu labeled CANF-comb nanoparticle PET Imaging natriuretic peptide clearance receptor in prostate cancer (204)
64Cu-TNP PET Imaging macrophages in inflammatory atherosclerosis (205)
64Cu labeled CLIO-VT680 PET Detecting rejection and immunomodulation in cardiac allografts (206)
64Cu labeled CANF-comb nanoparticle PET Imaging atherosclerosis in artery (207)
125I silver nanoparticle SPECT Monitoring distribution of nanoparticles (208)
125I labeled cRGD-PEG-AuNP SPECT Detecting cancer cells and imaging tumor sites (209)
111In labeled lipid/calcium/phosphate NPs SPECT Imaging lymph node metastasis (210)
111In-MSN labeled neural stem cells SPECT Tracking glioblastoma (211)
PSMA-specific aptamer conjugated AuNP CT Imaging prostate cancer cells (212)
Liposomal iodine CT Imaging macrophage-rich atherosclerotic plaques (213)
Liposomal-iodine CT Identifying tumor vascular structure (214)
Tantalum oxide CT Producing greater imaging capability than iodine (215)
AuNP CT Incorporating RBC to image blood flow (216)
AuNP CT Labeling tumor cells to image tumor growth (217)
AuNP CT Imaging brain malignant gliomas and enhancing radiotherapy (218)
AuNP CT AuNP with CT contrast capability (219)
Liposomal iodine CT Imaging tumor (220)
AuNP CT Tracking mesenchymal stem cells (221)